考研英語：歷年真題閱讀要點(diǎn)之1993-Text 2

　　In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主義的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it.

　　enterprise“企業(yè)”;well-oiled“平滑的”，這個詞還可以表示“諂媚的，爛醉的”;cog“鈍齒”。well-ventilated“通風(fēng)良好的”;piped music“喇叭音樂”;yet“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，說明分號前后語義相反;alter“改變”;the fact that..., that... and that...三個并列的that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句解釋說明fact;powerless“沒有能力的”，the powerless“處于弱勢的人”;wholeheartedly“全心全意地，全神貫注地”;participate in“參與”;be bored with“對...感到厭煩”;

　　When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence... This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

　　apply for“申請”，apply to表示“適用于，應(yīng)用于”，apply theory to practice“把理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐”，apply的名詞形式application;submissiveness“服從，服從性”，形容詞形式submissive，動詞形式submit“使服從，提交”;第二個句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)This constant need creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.逗號后為同位語，解釋說明anxiety and stress;very 充當(dāng)形容詞“正是”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其后名詞causes“原因”。

　　I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

　　suggest doing sth.“建議做某事”;transform...from...into...把...轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?..;industrialism“工業(yè)主義，工業(yè)制度”;maximal“最大化的”，反義詞minimal“最小化的”;humanist“人道主義的”相當(dāng)于humanitarian，相關(guān)詞匯：the humanities“人文學(xué)科”，humane“仁慈的”;potentiality“潛力”，形容詞形式potential，往往表示“潛在的，可能的”，potential danger“潛在的危險”;ends=aims“目標(biāo)”。serve as“充當(dāng)”，這個短語還可以表示“起到...作用”;prevent...from doing...“防止”。