2014考研英語翻譯指導(dǎo)：從句翻譯法詳解

   1)定語從句翻譯法

　　A)合譯法:把定語從句放在被修飾的詞語之前，從而將英語復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語單句。如:

　　Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.國(guó)會(huì)公布了關(guān)于接受美國(guó)援助的105個(gè)國(guó)家的人權(quán)情況調(diào)查報(bào)告。

　　B)分譯法:根據(jù)定語從句的不同情況，我們可以將其翻譯成并列分句、其它從句或獨(dú)立句等。如:

　　Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知識(shí)，就肯定會(huì)落后。（翻譯為條件狀語從句）　　The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罷工會(huì)使遠(yuǎn)洋航船不能靠岸，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰洗膸椭?。（翻譯成原因狀語從句）　A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地質(zhì)勘探工程師對(duì)光譜進(jìn)行了分析之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的露天煤礦。（翻譯為時(shí)間狀語結(jié)構(gòu)）　　The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服務(wù)的提供方式已趨陳舊，這正是我們必須采用技術(shù)加以裝備的領(lǐng)域。（翻譯為并列分句）　We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.現(xiàn)在我們正生活于一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)，即服務(wù)性經(jīng)濟(jì)中，各種關(guān)系越來越比物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品更為重要。（翻譯為并列分句）

　　2)主語從句翻譯法

　　A)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可以將從句翻譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

　　It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去。

　　Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。（主語從句與主句合譯成簡(jiǎn)單句，按順序譯出）

　　B)也可以譯成“主-謂-賓”結(jié)構(gòu),從句本身做句子的主語，其余部分按原文順序譯出。如:　Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以犧牲對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。（真題示范）

　　C)分譯法:把原來的狀語從句從整體結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,譯成另一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立得單句。如:

　　It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.這個(gè)局勢(shì)對(duì)國(guó)際安全是個(gè)威脅，這樣的說法是完全正確的。（It是形式主語，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的賓語）

　　3)賓語從句翻譯法:由that, what, how, where等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般按照原文順序翻譯,即順譯法。如:　　Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科學(xué)家們有理由認(rèn)為人可以忍受遠(yuǎn)超過0.1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害?！　e wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司專門辦理中國(guó)紡織品出口業(yè)務(wù)，并愿在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上同貴公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

　　4)狀語從句翻譯法:有時(shí)也可以譯為并列句。如:

　　Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldn’t develop without it.電是一種非常重要的能量，沒有它，現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)就不能發(fā)展。（原文由such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句譯為漢語的并列句）

　　5)表語從句翻譯法:大部分情況下可以采用順譯法，間或也可以用逆譯法。如：　　My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.我的觀點(diǎn)是一代人經(jīng)常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。（順譯法）

　　His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他對(duì)新聞界的看法是，記者們不是支持他，就是反對(duì)他。（順譯法）

　　Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed.該地區(qū)的人們最需要的是水和食品。（逆譯法）

　　6)同位語從句翻譯法:先翻譯從句,即從句前置。如:　　This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territory sovereignty doesn’t admit of infringement.一個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)土不容侵犯，這是國(guó)際法中盡人皆知的準(zhǔn)則?！　espite the fact that comets are probably the most numerous astronomical bodies in the solar system aside from small meteor fragments and the asteroids, they are largely a mystery.在太陽系中除小片流星和小行星外，彗星大概是數(shù)量最多的天體了，盡管如此，它們?nèi)耘f基本上是神秘莫測(cè)的。