2014考研英語(yǔ)翻譯指導(dǎo)：增譯法詳解

   增譯法：英漢兩種語(yǔ)言由于詞法和句法有差異，表達(dá)方式也不盡相同，翻譯時(shí)為了使譯文合乎漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣和表達(dá)規(guī)律，為了使意思更加明確，從意義、修辭和句法上考慮需要在譯文中適當(dāng)增添一些雖無(wú)其詞而有其意的詞。

　　1)抽象名詞后加詞使其具體化。如: serious unemployment嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)問(wèn)題

　　He was still reluctant to talk substance.他仍然不愿意談實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。

　　2)增加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)拿~。如:

　　The temperature needed for this progressing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.這種加工方法所需要的溫度要低于熔化該金屬的溫度?！undamentally, electronics is based upon an understanding of the physical world, that is, upon physics.電子學(xué)基本上是以人們對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的認(rèn)識(shí)，也就是以物理學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的。（補(bǔ)充被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)省去的部分）

　　3)增加數(shù)量詞。如: first oil well第一口油井　　It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類(lèi)自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。（真題示范）

　　4)增加形容詞。如:

　　Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers.速度快，可靠性高是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　5)不及物動(dòng)詞后增加賓語(yǔ)。如:

　　John’s mother washed for a living after his father died.約翰的父親去世后，他母親以洗衣為生。

　　I haven’t enough time to read.我沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間讀書(shū)。

　　6)增加連詞。如:　　If you are an energetic man with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical.如果你是個(gè)精力充沛的人，對(duì)于如何恰當(dāng)?shù)赝瓿赡愕墓ぷ饔兄?dú)到的見(jiàn)解，那么你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己總是聽(tīng)命于上面的某個(gè)大人物。而他又是一個(gè)上了年紀(jì)，精力不支，還愛(ài)吹毛求疵的人。

　　7)增加表示時(shí)態(tài)的詞。如:

　　You were, you are, and you remain to be my beloved mentor.你過(guò)去是，現(xiàn)在是，將來(lái)仍然是我敬愛(ài)的導(dǎo)師。

　　We were hoping to have a holiday next week, but we may not be able to get away now.我們?cè)瓉?lái)盼著下星期放假，但現(xiàn)在我們可能走不了了。

　　8)增加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。如:　　The world needn’t be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources of fuel for the future.世界無(wú)需擔(dān)心將來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的煤、石油、天然氣或者其他燃料來(lái)源短缺的問(wèn)題。

　　9)增加英語(yǔ)中省略的詞。如:

　　We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.我們不會(huì)后退，我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有后退過(guò)，將來(lái)也決不后退。

　　When the owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did.當(dāng)?shù)曛髯⒁獾轿視r(shí)，我說(shuō)我會(huì)一直干到他雇我，他雇了我。

　　10)增加一些適當(dāng)修飾詞語(yǔ)。如:　　The students rant all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 10 minutes before.學(xué)生們一路跑到火車(chē)站，可惜火車(chē)10分鐘前就開(kāi)走了。