2014考研英語完形填空:知識點(diǎn)答疑_跨考網(wǎng)

　　完型填空真題分析

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.

　　Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.

　　Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

　　Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

　　21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing

　　22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

　　23.[A] interactions　[B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

　　24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

　　25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

　　26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

　　27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

　　28.[A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

　　29.[A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect

　　30.[A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount

　　31.[A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length

　　32.[A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

　　33.[A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

　　34.[A] contrarily　[B] consequently　[C] similarly　[D] simultaneously

　　35.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as

　　36.[A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

　　37.[A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D]incredible

　　38.[A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability

　　39.[A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

　　40.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

　　從總體上看，2004年的考研完型填空難度并不高，無論是文章本身的閱讀難度還是所考查的詞匯難度都處于平均水平。從文章背景來看這是一篇有關(guān)探討導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪因素理論的社會科學(xué)類說明文，仍然遵循了近些年來完型文章基本都是選取有關(guān)社會科學(xué)題材的說明文或議論文的傳統(tǒng)。從文章的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)來看，依舊按照完型文章最為典型的總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)，由總述句概括出一個中心主線，整篇文章圍繞著這個中心主線展開，具體的文章結(jié)構(gòu)和中心主線分析如下：

　　本文采用了總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)，文章的首句即為本文的總述句，直接定義出本文的核心主題：“Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.”

　　即本文主題是有關(guān)青少年犯罪的理論，而且這些理論主要分為兩大類：一類側(cè)重于個人因素的影響，另一類側(cè)重于社會因素的影響。文章的分述部分就是圍繞著這些理論詳細(xì)展開，具體列舉了造成青少年犯罪率上升的幾種因素。

　　詞匯考點(diǎn)分析

　　從所考查的詞匯分布來看，2004年完型仍然是重點(diǎn)考查動詞的用法、近義詞辨析、以及通過考連詞考查考生對上下文(句)邏輯關(guān)系的理解這三大考點(diǎn)。

　　考查動詞用法的題占了6道，包括21、26、29、30、33、40題;考查名詞近義詞辨析占了6道，包括23、24、32、36、38、39 題;考查形容詞近義詞辨析占了2道，比往年要少，包括28和37題;考查副詞近義詞辨析只有1道，34題;考查近義詞辨析的題一共有9道;通過考連詞考查上下文(句)邏輯關(guān)系的題占了3道，包括22、25、35題;從上述分析可以看出，三大考點(diǎn)就一共占了完型填空全部20道題中的18道題。其他的考介詞的 1道(27題)、考固定搭配的1道(31題)。

　　英語知識運(yùn)用分析

　　21. 答案：[C] centering

　　分析：本題是典型的“復(fù)現(xiàn)”題，即作者在文章不同的地方使用相同或者不同的詞匯表達(dá)相同或類似的意思。本文的第一句話中(Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence)，已經(jīng)使用了詞組：. focus on(關(guān)注于，側(cè)重于，著重于)解釋理論側(cè)重于的內(nèi)容;而且本段落的最后一句話在解釋另一種理論所側(cè)重于的內(nèi)容時，又一次使用了focus on (Theories focusing on the role of society……), 所以，作者為本題已經(jīng)給出了明確的已知提示線索—“focus on”，從4個選項(xiàng)中選出centering on表達(dá)與focus on同樣意思即可。

　　22. 答案：[D] because

　　分析：本題是考查上下句邏輯關(guān)系銜接的連詞題，從前后兩句來看一定是因果關(guān)系，后面的句子(they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or……)是對前一句青少年為什么犯罪的解釋，只能選擇[D] because。如果選擇了其他三個選項(xiàng)，上下句的邏輯關(guān)系就不通了。

　　23. 答案：[A] interactions

　　分析：本題明顯考查詞義的辨析，考查考生對這4個名詞意義和用法的深入理解。在4個選項(xiàng)中最具有干擾性的是 [B] assimilation(吸收，使同化)，這個詞不要理解為“模仿”，其準(zhǔn)確意義用英文解釋為：(to become part of a group or society etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group or society), 即改變成為什么的一部分，即“同化。而從本題所在句子提供的信息是表示：青少年之所以犯罪的途徑是什么，介詞through 表達(dá)是就是通過什么途徑，本填空的所要選的名詞即表達(dá)這個途徑。青少年做“l(fā)earned criminal behavior”這個動作顯然不可能是通過“成為其他人的一部分”這個途徑。而[A] interactions 這個詞的意思是(activities of talking and doing things with other people)在這里表達(dá)了“與別人互動的意思，這樣與前邊青少年“l(fā)earned criminal behavior” 這個動作就形成合理搭配了。選項(xiàng)　[C] cooperation(合作)以及　[D] consultation(咨詢，商量)與本題題意不相符合。