跨考名師手把手教你破解英語長難句

　　英語中的句子之所以長，之所以難就是因?yàn)榇嬖谛揎棾煞?，試想如果我們?nèi)绻堰@些修飾成分都修剪掉，剩下光禿禿的主干，它也沒什么殺傷力了吧。 這些修飾成分?jǐn)?shù)量和位置都不太不好把握，但是，有利的是它們的種類卻是非常固定的。修成分可以分為：介詞短語，非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，形容詞副詞。

　　1)介詞短語

　　從介詞開始到名詞結(jié)束、表達(dá)一個獨(dú)立的完整的含義的結(jié)構(gòu)。常見介詞：on，in,at,of,about, to, during, over, upon, after , before等。比如：at home，over the past year等。標(biāo)記介詞短語時，要從介詞開始到介詞之后的第一個名詞終止。

　　【例句】

　　(In the last half)( of the nineteenth century )“capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations (on modern lines).(括號里就是介詞短語)

　　2)從句

　　由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的有主語部分和謂語部分的句子，常見引導(dǎo)詞：that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等 。標(biāo)記從句時，一定從引導(dǎo)詞開始，一般到以下兩種種終止。

　　①　到標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號處終止，如：

　　The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge (of the lives, thoughts or needs) (of the workmen) employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.(從句在逗號截止)

　?、凇∪绻麖木湓谥骶渲髡Z后，那到下一個謂語動詞終止，如

　　Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable。(從句在are 前面結(jié)束)

　　3)非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)

　　主要包括動詞不定式to do、動名詞 V-ing和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing和過去分詞V-ed)三類。由非謂語動詞開頭的、表示一個獨(dú)立、完整的含義的結(jié)構(gòu)叫做非謂語動詞短語。

　　標(biāo)記非謂語動詞短語時，從非謂語動詞開始，常到以下三種情況終止。

　　① 到句尾終止，如：

　　Vivian is a teacher teaching Mathematics.

　?、?到標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號處終止，如：

　　The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other' s strength.

　?、?到下一個修飾成分終止，如：

　　The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands(for the company 是介詞短語，屬于另一種修飾成分)

　　4)形容詞(一般以ous，al，ful等后綴 結(jié)尾)和副詞(一般以ly結(jié)尾)常作為修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　單個形容詞一般置于名詞前，如Tom is a handsome boy.

　　復(fù)雜的形容詞短語因?yàn)楸容^長一般置于名詞后。如：In America the selection of jurors acceptable to both the prosecution and the defence sometimes takes longer than the trial itself.(acceptable to sb 就是形容詞短語，比較長，所以會后置)

　　副詞做狀語，位置很靈活。如

　　Many institutions traditionally place more emphasis on the competitive spirit.(副詞在句中)

　　It is difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively.(副詞在句首)

　　Obviously, immediate action is needed to extricate 80 million Chinese people from the grips of poverty.(副詞在句尾)

　　好了，認(rèn)清了這些修飾成分，大家就可以先標(biāo)記出來(直線劃出形容詞，波浪線畫出介詞短語，雙直線畫出從句)適當(dāng)不看，或略看，這樣整個句子對我們造成的壓力就少很多。

　　像The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

　　給句子打理之后就只剩下：The change met the requirements and prevented the decline(這種改變符合要去并且阻止了衰退)是不是很清爽呢!

　　(本文為跨考教育教研室孟巍巍老師原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。)