【考研名師輔導(dǎo)】三步搞定英語長難句

　　閱讀翻譯的兩座大山，第一座是單詞;單詞終于儲備地差不多了，而當單詞成串組成了句子，又拎不清了。所以第二個繞不過去的大山即語法。尤其是那些閱讀理解或者翻譯中的長難句(又臭又硬) ，同學們一見到就頭皮發(fā)麻，想繞著走，可是我們看下面一道考研例題，看你還能不能繞過去。

　　In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.

　　59. It’s true of the old family firms that______.

　　[A] they were spoiled by the younger generations

　　[B] they failed for lack of individual initiative

　　[C] they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies

　　[D] they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers

　　解析：本題是一道細節(jié)題，由題干定位到文中劃線句子，大家看到劃線句第二局是一個長難句，你如果沒能很好理解這里的修飾關(guān)系的話，就會很容易勿選A。解釋一下：the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. 此處that 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾的是decline in efficiency，所以從句的主語也是它，效率的下滑破壞了家族企業(yè)的財富，這件事發(fā)生在第二代或第三代管理者手中。所以不是由他們這些人破壞的。做考研閱讀不要推理，所以本題的正確答案是C。

　　我們看到長難句搞不定，就會影響閱讀的分數(shù)，那到底改如何破解它呢?

　　今天孟老師就要告訴大家 最有效的方法就是：去除修飾，化繁為簡，破解長難句

　　英語中無論多么長的句子都是由“主干部分+修飾成分”組成的(參考文章：手把手教你破解英語長難句 )。 我們首先把句子修飾成分標識出來，找出主干，再進行組合翻譯。

　　第一步：做標記(介詞短語，非謂語和從句下劃直線，形容詞副詞下劃波浪線，并列用括號)

　　Fortunately, however, the increasing( power and organization) of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. (the managers 是作為meet 的賓語，屬于to meet 結(jié)構(gòu)中)

　　第二步：確定主干，明白大意

　　謂語動詞enabled，它前面的核心名詞power and organization為主語，它后面的the workman 即為賓語

　　主干結(jié)構(gòu)：power and organization enabled the workmen to meet the managers(主謂賓賓補)

　　第三步：組合翻譯

　?、佟≈鞲山Y(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯：順序翻譯，power and organization enabled the workmen to meet the managers：力量和組織使得工人可以與經(jīng)理們對話。

　?、凇⌒揎椊Y(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯： 形容詞，介詞短語以及簡單的定語從句要放在所修飾的名詞前，如of the trade unions放在power and organization前;

　　who employed them放在修飾的companies前

　?、邸〗M合翻譯：符合中文表達習慣可以適當微調(diào)語序和選取詞義

　　參考翻譯：然而幸運的是，工會組織力量日益強大，至少在所有技術(shù)行業(yè)是這樣，工人和公司的經(jīng)理們可以平等對話。

　　(本文為跨考教育教研室孟巍巍老師原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。)