考研英語閱讀理解備考攻略之：主旨題_跨考網(wǎng)

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????標(biāo)志：mainly about; best title; purpose
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????運(yùn)用文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)把握文章主題。如問題答案型的文章，文章一開頭提出問題，那么答案就是該篇文章的主題。
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????疊加法：把每一段主題疊加在一起就是文章的主題。
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????主旨題找答案的三大原則：文章的中心詞或同義詞必須出現(xiàn)；文章中的細(xì)節(jié)不能出現(xiàn)；文中未提及的信息不能出現(xiàn)。
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????小心首末段陷阱：當(dāng)有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是文章首段或者末段的高度濃縮時(shí)，該選項(xiàng)有可能是一個(gè)誘惑選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榈谝欢魏苡锌赡苤皇且樱皇俏恼碌闹黝}，最后一段也很有可能只是一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)而已。
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????如2001年第三篇文章開頭直接出現(xiàn)了問題Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? 為什么美國人不相信他們在報(bào)紙上所讀到東西？那么原因就是主題，選項(xiàng)B就是正確答案。
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????59. What is the passage mainly about?
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????[A] needs of the readers all over the world
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????[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
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????[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry
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????[D] aims of a journalism credibility project
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????再如1998年第五篇：
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????Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
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????That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
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????The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
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????70. The passage is mainly about ________.
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????[A] the features of volcanic activities
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????[B] the importance of the theory about drifting plates
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????[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies （出現(xiàn)中心詞hot spot，正確答案）
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????[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes??