郭慶民考研英語郭慶民閱讀第二部分題型一分析_跨考網(wǎng)

　　備選題型一(Sample One)

　　一、解題思路概述

　　2006年考題閱讀理解部分Part B采用了備選題型一，即從七個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中擇取五個(gè)作為正確答案的題型?？忌从吃摬糠蛛y度較大，這并不奇怪，因?yàn)橐皇亲鳛?005年考試才新增的題型，許多考生對(duì)它不熟悉；二是該部分不僅需要考生理解文章和句子的意思，還要求找出各段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。因此，應(yīng)試該部分時(shí)，除了正確理解原文內(nèi)容外，更重要的是增強(qiáng)在語篇水平上把握文章的能力。

　　建議考生按照以下思路練習(xí)該部分以下談到的技能有些也適用于應(yīng)試備選題型二和三。：

　　1.把握各段中心議題，首先根據(jù)上下文意思的銜接基本選定一個(gè)答案，即：每讀完文章中一段剩余文字，就對(duì)之稍加總結(jié)并問自己：這個(gè)地方主要談的是哪方面的話題。

　　2.重點(diǎn)考察緊鄰空白處的前后兩個(gè)句子，根據(jù)其主干成分確定它們所談的主要內(nèi)容。

　　3.重視連接詞的作用，其中特別是表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、舉例、因果等關(guān)系的連接詞或詞組，尤其是當(dāng)連接詞出現(xiàn)在空白處之后或出現(xiàn)在選擇項(xiàng)中的時(shí)候，更是提供了比較可靠的答題線索。

　　4.代詞與名詞或名詞短語之間的銜接關(guān)系很常見，還有代替其他成分的副詞等。因此這些都是重點(diǎn)考察的對(duì)象，如：it, they, this, these, such, some, another, there, then等等。

　　5.重點(diǎn)考察名詞或名詞詞組與上下文的銜接關(guān)系，特別是帶有定冠詞的名詞或名詞詞組，對(duì)名詞的考察主要包括：同一個(gè)詞或詞組的重復(fù)使用，同義詞或反義詞的使用，不同詞性的詞之間的照應(yīng)(如名詞與動(dòng)詞)；其次是動(dòng)詞，尤其是句子主干上作為謂語的動(dòng)詞。

　　6.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的并列(三個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)句子被稱做排比句)有時(shí)也成為實(shí)現(xiàn)句子銜接的手段，特別是在議論文中經(jīng)常見到。

　　7.其他如數(shù)字、時(shí)間、人名、地名、空間次序等都可能提供重大線索。

　　8.每做完一個(gè)題，務(wù)必要在選擇項(xiàng)上標(biāo)示出題號(hào)。

　　以下精選10篇文章供大家練習(xí)掌握上述各種線索，其中個(gè)別文章可能有點(diǎn)兒難度。在設(shè)計(jì)空白時(shí)，作者考慮到了這類考題可能留空白的所有的位置，供大家開展多方面的練習(xí)。

　　“題解”部分從上述諸多線索入手，分別從上下文的內(nèi)容和語詞銜接關(guān)系上進(jìn)行分析，目的是希望考生也學(xué)會(huì)從這些方面來入手解題。

　　二、模擬試題

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1~5, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Throughout history and through a cross?section of cultures, women have transformed their appearance to conform to a beauty ideal. American and European women in the 1800s cinched in their waists so tightly, some suffered internal damage. The North American ideal of beauty has continually focused on women?s bodies: the tiny waist of the Victorian period, and the voluptuous curves that were the measure of beauty between the 1930s and 1950s. 1)_______.

　　However, this relentless pursuit of thinness is not just an example of women trying to look their best, it is also a struggle for control, acceptance and success.

　　2)_______.

　　One of the negative psychological side effects associated with eating disorders is the patient?s distortion of their own body image, body image being defined as the picture a person has in his mind of his own body, that is, the way his body appears to him. Many women who are caught up in the relentless pursuit of thinness also experience some degree of disturbed body image. 3)_______.

　　4)_______. Women with perfectly normal bodies see themselves as being heavy; so that the definition of “normal” becomes inaccurate and this perceived normalcy is represented by a very small percentage of women. It follows that if body image is so closely linked to self?image, it is important for women to learn to feel comfortable with the body they live in, despite any “imperfections”.

　　5)_______. Advertising is a major vehicle for presenting images and forming attitudes. The majority of ads incorporate young, beautiful, slender models to present their products and services. While individual ads may not be seen as a big issue, it is the cumulative, unconscious impact that has an effect on attitudes toward women, and in women?s attitudes toward themselves. As women are consistently exposed to these feminine forms through both print and television, it becomes difficult to distinguish what is normal, and even more difficult not to compare themselves to this form.

　?。跘］The experiences and practices of women who “simply diet” are not radically different from those who are diagnosed with eating disorders. For some women, achieving the “perfect” body form becomes the most important goal in life.

　?。跙］Current standards emphasize a toned, slender look， one that exudes fitness, youth, and health. According to psychologist Eva Szekely, “Having to be attractive at this time … means unequivocally having to be thin. In North America today, thinness is a precondition for being perceived by others and oneself as healthy”.

　?。跜］The images that are presented in advertising are designed to create an illusion, a fantasy ideal that will keep women continually consuming. Advertisers are well aware of the insecurities that most women feel about their own bodies.

　　［D］So why is it that during this process of development so many women become dissatisfied, self?critical, and judgemental about their own bodies? One of the reasons may have to do with the media and various forms of advertising. Ads sell more than just products; they present an idea of normalcy, who we are and who we should be.

　?。跡］ While women continue to struggle for equality on an economic scale and within their relationships, they still maintain control over their own bodies. It is important that women begin to accept themselves for who they are, regardless of their body type, and to feel comfortable with the body they live in.

　?。跢］ In attempting to mould their appearance to meet the current ideal, numerous women are literally starving themselves to death. The incidence of eating disorders has doubled during the last two decades. This increase is no longer limited to women in their teens and twenties, but is increasingly diagnosed in patients in their thirties and forties.

　?。跥］ Feelings about body are closely related to a woman?s sense of self; the body is perceived as acceptable or unacceptable, providing a foundation for self?concept. It is alarming, then, that almost 80% of women think they?re overweight. Body image has very little to do with the way a person actually looks; many women who appear to fit the ideal body type are actually dissatisfied with their appearance.

　　三、模擬試題題解與譯文

　　【題解】

　　1.［B］

　　上下文內(nèi)容的銜接：上文簡(jiǎn)述了歐美人對(duì)美麗形象認(rèn)識(shí)的歷史發(fā)展過程，選擇項(xiàng)［B］提到目前的美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么，在時(shí)間上承接上文內(nèi)容。

　　與上文的語詞銜接：current standards—between the 1930s and 1950s破折號(hào)前為出現(xiàn)于選擇項(xiàng)中的詞語，破折號(hào)后為出現(xiàn)于文章中的詞語。以下同。, emphasize—focused on, slender—tiny waist/curves

　　與下文的語詞銜接：thinness—thinness, having to be attractive—trying to look their best

　　2.［F］

　　上下文內(nèi)容的銜接：選擇項(xiàng)［F］中第一句談婦女如何極力想滿足目前理想的美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，承接上一小段提到的內(nèi)容。選擇項(xiàng)［F］總體談瘦身帶來的負(fù)面影響(飲食失調(diào))。下一段第一句接著談對(duì)身體的負(fù)面影響(飲食失調(diào))同女人對(duì)自己身體的看法的關(guān)系。

　　與上文的語詞銜接：attempting—trying, the current ideal—pursuit of thinness

　　與下文的語詞銜接：eating disorders—eating disorders, patients—patient

　　3.［A］

　　上下文內(nèi)容的銜接：上文談到這些追求瘦身的女人有何經(jīng)歷，選擇項(xiàng)［A］承接上文繼續(xù)談這些經(jīng)歷如何如何。

　　與上文的語詞銜接：experiences—experience, diet—eating, eating disorders—eating disorders

　　4.［G］

　　上下文內(nèi)容的銜接：本段談女人對(duì)身體的感受與她們對(duì)自己身體的看法的關(guān)系，選擇項(xiàng)［G］也是如此。尤其是在選擇項(xiàng)中最后一句，作者提到“許多看上去符合理想身材的女人實(shí)際上對(duì)自己的外表不滿意”。而下文也提到“身材完全正常的女人認(rèn)為自己太重”等，說明身材正常的人如何仍然不滿意自己的外表。

　　與下文的語詞銜接：feelings about body—body image, self?concept—self?image, the ideal body type—perfectly normal bodies, appearance—see themselves as being heavy, are dissatisfied with—feel comfortable with

　　5.［D］

　　上下文內(nèi)容的銜接：本段談廣告對(duì)女人如何看待自己身體的影響。

　　與上文的語詞銜接：become dissatisfied—feel comfortable with

　　與下文的語詞銜接：media and various forms of advertising/ads—advertising /ads/print and television, present…who we are and who we should be—presenting images and forming attitudes.

　　【其他二選擇項(xiàng)譯文】

　?。跜］ 在廣告中出現(xiàn)的形象旨在創(chuàng)造一種幻想，一種能促使女人不斷消費(fèi)的虛幻理想。做廣告的人深知多數(shù)女人對(duì)自己的身體不自信。

　?。跡］ 雖然女人繼續(xù)為經(jīng)濟(jì)的平等和彼此間的平等關(guān)系而斗爭(zhēng)，她們?nèi)匀槐３种鴮?duì)自己身體的控制力。重要的是：不管其體型怎樣，女人要學(xué)會(huì)接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)自己擁有的身體滿意。

　　【短文譯文】

　　在整個(gè)歷史過程中，在不同文化社會(huì)中，女人改變自己的外表以適應(yīng)某種理想中的美麗形象。19世紀(jì)的美國和歐洲女人緊束自己的腰部，有些人甚至因體內(nèi)損傷而遭受痛苦。北美人對(duì)理想中美麗形象的追求此后繼續(xù)側(cè)重于女人的身體，例如，維多利亞女王時(shí)代的細(xì)腰形象，20世紀(jì)30年代~50年代衡量美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的

性感線條。［B］現(xiàn)在的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)高雅的情調(diào)和纖細(xì)的外表，散發(fā)著健美、青春和健康的氣息。心理學(xué)家Eva Szekely說：“當(dāng)今時(shí)代要看上去有魅力……毫無疑義意味著不得不瘦身。在今天的北美，瘦身是被別人和自己看做是健美的前提。”

　　然而，對(duì)瘦身不懈的追求不僅僅說明女人極力想保持最佳外表，也意味著為增加控制能力、讓人接受自己和取得成功而奮斗。

　?。跢］在企圖改變自身的外表使之適應(yīng)目前理想的過程中，許多女人幾乎餓死。飲食失調(diào)的發(fā)生率在過去20年中增長(zhǎng)了一倍，這不僅限于十幾、二十幾歲的女孩，而且在三四十歲的病人身上也被越來越多地診斷出來。

　　與飲食失調(diào)相關(guān)的對(duì)心理的一個(gè)負(fù)面影響是病人扭曲了其身體形象：身體形象被定義為一個(gè)人心目中對(duì)自己身體的看法，即其身體在他看來的樣子。陷于不懈追求瘦身的許多女人對(duì)自己身體形象的看法在某種程度上是不正常的。［A］那些“只是節(jié)食”的女人的經(jīng)歷和做法同那些被診斷為患飲食失調(diào)的女人沒有什么根本差別。對(duì)某些女人來說，獲得“完美”的體型成為最重要的生活目標(biāo)。

　　［G］女人對(duì)身體的感覺同她的自我感覺緊密相關(guān)；無論身體被看做是可接受的或不可接受的，都會(huì)成為自我認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。因此，令人震驚的是幾乎80%的女人認(rèn)為自己超重。身體形象同一個(gè)人實(shí)際外表幾乎沒有什么聯(lián)系；許多看上去符合理想身材的女人實(shí)際上對(duì)自己的外表不滿意。身體完全正常的女人認(rèn)為自己太重，以至于“正?！边@個(gè)詞語失去了其確切含義，僅有很小比例的女人代表所謂的“正?！薄Ｓ纱送茢?，如果身體形象同自我形象如此緊密相關(guān)，女人學(xué)會(huì)接受自己現(xiàn)有的身材很重要，盡管它可能有“不完美之處”。

　　［D］那么，在形成這個(gè)看法的過程中，為什么如此多的女人對(duì)自己的身體不滿意、過于挑剔、評(píng)頭論足呢？其中一個(gè)原因可能同媒體和各種廣告有關(guān)。廣告不僅推銷產(chǎn)品，它們代表對(duì)“正常狀態(tài)”的一種看法，告訴人們她們目前是什么樣的，而應(yīng)該成為什么樣的。廣告是推銷形象并使人形成態(tài)度的一個(gè)重要手段。在推銷產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)時(shí)，絕大多數(shù)廣告結(jié)合使用年輕、漂亮、苗條的模特兒。雖然個(gè)別廣告的影響可以不被看做是什么了不起的事，但是其累加的無意識(shí)作用影響到對(duì)女人的態(tài)度，影響到女人看待自己的態(tài)度。隨著女人不斷大量接觸這些文字或電視廣告中的女性形象，她們很難分清什么是正常的，要想不讓她們把自己同這些形象相比，甚至更困難。

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