2016考研(普碩版)暑前作業(yè)：英語第七周_跨考網(wǎng)

　　2016考研(普碩版)暑前作業(yè)：英語第七周

　　第七周 倒裝及鞏固訓(xùn)練

　　倒 裝

　　倒裝有兩種：將謂語的全部位于主語之前，叫做完全倒裝(Complete Inversion);只將助動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞等)移至主語之前，叫做部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)。

　　一、部分倒裝

　　1、only

　　Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

　　Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed in life.

　　Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.

　　注意：

　　Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.

　　Only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games. (1987-TEXT2)

　　2、否定意義的狀語

　　含有否定意義的狀語位于句首時(shí),句子部分倒裝。

　　Seldom in all my life have I met such a brave man.

　　No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

　　Under no circumstance should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of both the people and the state.

　　Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. (1989-TEXT1)

　　Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. (1986-TEXT1)

　　這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, barely, scarcely, rarely, 及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…when 等。

　　3、if

　　Should you need a hand, I will be more than happy to help you.

　　Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

　　4、as...so...

　　用于as...so...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“像......那樣, 也...... ”，后一句常用倒裝。

　　Just as first impressions are memorable, so are last impressions.

　　5、某些頻率和程度副詞或方式狀語

　　以某些頻率和程度副詞或方式狀語提至句首時(shí)，句子一般要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。

　　Many a time has he given me good advice.

　　Well do I remember the day I saw a UFO for the first time.

　　To such a degree did he go on with his tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.

　　頻度副詞：often， always， many a time， every day， now and then等;方式副詞：gladly， sadly， well， with every justification，with good reason等;表程度的副詞或介詞短語especially， to such length(s)， to such a degree， to such an extent， to such extremes。

　　6、比較狀語從句中的部分倒裝

　　as, than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主語一般為名詞，如果是代詞則不構(gòu)成倒裝。

　　On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.

　　Far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. (2000-TEXT4)

　　二、完全倒裝

　　1、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子構(gòu)成的完全倒裝

　　有時(shí)主語較長，為了使句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，作表語的形容詞和分詞要置于句首.

　　Located here is the highest peak in Belgium, with an elevation of 694 m.

　　Present at the press conference were director and general manager of the Shenzhen based enterprise.

　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. (1993-TEXT3)

　　2、介詞短語或名詞短語作狀語位于句首

　　表示位置和處所的介詞短語或名詞短語作狀語位于句首時(shí)，引起完全倒裝

　　Just outside the ruins are a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.

　　At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recently times, unknown to man. (1986-TEXT2)

　　鞏固訓(xùn)練

　　1、Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.

　　2、Yet Waizer’s argument does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism—that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

　　3、Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.

　　4、At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.

　　5、The letters offer students the option of payinga settlement fee based on the number of tunes the student allegedly downloaded illegally or taking the risk of a potentially more expensive lawsuit.信中給了學(xué)生兩個(gè)選擇，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)涉嫌非法下載歌曲的數(shù)量來支付一筆罰金，否則就可能面臨更昂貴的訴訟。

　　6、But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the right way to go since well developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not. (1999- Text3)

　　7、It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.(1998-5)

　　8、To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight.

　　9、Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.

　　10、If a body is acted upon by a number of forces and still remains motionless, the body is said to be in equilibrium.

　　11、We have come to the last and most important step of the experiment.

　　12、Check have largely replaced money as a means of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere.

　　13、While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislate steps to control smoking.

　　14、What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. (1998-TEXT2)

　　15、It dawned upon me that there is a logical connection between all the things that happen in that immensely connected body of salted water that covers 71 percent of the surface of the earth.

　　16、Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble.(1994年-TEXT 4)

　　17、The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.(1994TEXT5)

　　18、Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the black family encouraged the transmission of the black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

　　19、And the bank has done this even though its advisers say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.

　　20、The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.

　　參考譯文

　　1、最后，因?yàn)樽罱K決定因素是病人，醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)不僅應(yīng)該積極爭取Stephen Cooper這樣的名人的支持——他對(duì)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的價(jià)值勇敢地進(jìn)行了陳述——而且應(yīng)該爭取所有接受治療的病人的支持。

　　2、然則，沃爾澤的論點(diǎn)確實(shí)揭示了資本主義體制中最嚴(yán)重的一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)，即它將某一類人置于社會(huì)中的顯赫地位置，這類人常常缺乏其它那些能喚起他人受戴和欽佩的品質(zhì)。

　　3、 實(shí)用性、基本常識(shí)、天分一直都被認(rèn)為是比從書本中學(xué)來的任何東西都高尚的資質(zhì)。

　　4、這時(shí)，按字母表順序排名靠后的學(xué)生還認(rèn)為他們能逃避老師的問題很幸運(yùn)。

　　5、信中給了學(xué)生兩個(gè)選擇，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)涉嫌非法下載歌曲的數(shù)量來支付一筆罰金，否則就可能面臨更昂貴的訴訟。

　　6、然而對(duì)于一小部分學(xué)生而言，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也許是必由之路，因?yàn)樵谄渌蛩叵嗤那闆r下，熟練的技能也許是能否找到工作的關(guān)鍵。

　　7、人們不能確定兩個(gè)大陸是在朝相反的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，還是一個(gè)大陸停止不動(dòng)而另一個(gè)從它身邊漂移開去。

　　8、使目前狀況糟糕的是，至今尚無跡象表明，世界人口的增長在近期內(nèi)會(huì)減慢。

　　9、鼓勵(lì)孩子們放棄精神生活，會(huì)使他們受到盤剝和控制。

　　10、一個(gè)物體如果受到幾個(gè)力的作用而仍然保持靜止，我們就說該物體處于平衡狀態(tài)。

　　11、我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了最后也是最重要的一個(gè)階段。

　　12、支票在很大程度上已經(jīng)替代了現(xiàn)金作為一種交換方式，因?yàn)樗鼈兊教幎急粡V泛接受。

　　13、多數(shù)國家很少或者還沒有采取措施，而有30 個(gè)左右的國家已經(jīng)采取法律程序控制吸煙。

　　14、但難以確定的是商業(yè)人士自認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這場生產(chǎn)力革命是否確有其事。

　　15、我忽然明白了，覆蓋地球表面71%的巨大鹽水體中所發(fā)生的一切事情之間都是有聯(lián)系的。

　　16、第二，我們要決定是否這里有有限的基因在細(xì)胞中經(jīng)常制造麻煩。

　　17、創(chuàng)新者則會(huì)探尋另外不同的道路，而這樣的道路將會(huì)最終被證實(shí)更簡單、也一定更有趣、更富挑戰(zhàn)性，即使它們通向絕境。

　　18、古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說、音樂、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，而對(duì)于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。

　　19、盡管世界銀行的顧問指出，該大壩將給平民帶來苦難，而且會(huì)破壞那里的環(huán)境，但世界銀行依然一意孤行。大壩只會(huì)給有權(quán)有勢(shì)者帶來利益，而且這種利益也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)得不到保障。

　　20、這種現(xiàn)象為公司開辟了一條道路，使它們既保持了自身的國際競爭力，同時(shí)也避免了市場周期的沖擊和就業(yè)法規(guī)的限制，以及醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。