2009年考研英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)之閱讀理解(4)_跨考網(wǎng)

使用不健康網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能有損心理健康

????????Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being,according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.

????????Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.

????????Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

????????The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

????????But it's important to remember this is not about the technology; it's about how it is used, says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study's sponsors. It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.

參考譯文：

????????根據(jù)卡內(nèi)基麥倫大學(xué)的研究，使用因特網(wǎng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致心理健康程度下降。

????????兩年的研究表明，上網(wǎng)次數(shù)多的人與較少的人相比，即使是一周僅上網(wǎng)幾小時(shí)也會(huì)經(jīng)常地感覺(jué)到沮喪和孤獨(dú)。這不是說(shuō)已經(jīng)有不良感覺(jué)的人在網(wǎng)上花費(fèi)了更多的時(shí)間，而是說(shuō)使用因特網(wǎng)似乎確實(shí)誘發(fā)了人們的不良感覺(jué)。

????????研究人員對(duì)這些結(jié)果困惑不解，因?yàn)檫@與他們的預(yù)料截然相反。他們預(yù)測(cè)，和看電視相比，從社交角度來(lái)說(shuō)，上網(wǎng)可能更健康一些因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)允許使用者選擇自己需要的信息并且和別人進(jìn)行交流。

????????研究者推測(cè)說(shuō)，實(shí)際情況是上網(wǎng)使網(wǎng)民減少了和家人及朋友共度的時(shí)光，這也許可以解釋他們心理健康狀況下降的原因。和面對(duì)面的交談相比，這種見不著面、看不見人的“虛”的交流可能會(huì)使人從心理上缺乏滿足感。人們通過(guò)這種交流結(jié)下的友誼也不會(huì)太深。還有一種可能是，網(wǎng)民通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)所了解到的廣闊世界使他們對(duì)自己的生活不那么滿意了。

????????“然而，重要的是不要忘記這與技術(shù)本身是無(wú)關(guān)的，問(wèn)題在于如何使用因特網(wǎng)?！边@項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)起人之一、心理學(xué)家、英特爾公司的克里斯廷·賴?yán)f(shuō)，“這的確表明在考慮從技術(shù)上如何設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用和服務(wù)時(shí)有必要把社會(huì)因素考慮進(jìn)去。

重點(diǎn)單詞：

1、available 可利用的，可支配的；

????????例句：The swimming pool is available only in summer.

????????這個(gè)游泳池只在夏天開放。

2、contrary to 與……相反

????????例句：What you are doing now is contrary to the docotor's advice.

3、hypothesize 假設(shè)，假定；

4、virtua [電腦]虛擬的，虛的；對(duì)于這個(gè)詞可以結(jié)合上下文理解，

????????Faceless, bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower.

????????文中virtual communication對(duì)應(yīng)著后面的actual conversation，又有than，可以想到這是兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的反義詞。

5、actual 現(xiàn)實(shí)的；

6、exposure to 暴露，（文中引申為了解）

????????例句：The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.油漆因受雨淋而剝落。

7、sponsor 發(fā)起者，主辦者，贊助者