傳統(tǒng)閱讀與新題型的必殺技——經(jīng)濟(jì)篇_跨考網(wǎng)

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??????? 閱讀作為考研英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)比值最大的部分，歷來(lái)都是考生們備戰(zhàn)考研英語(yǔ)的制勝真經(jīng)。然而，這部分分?jǐn)?shù)卻讓不少考生“望分興嘆” 。事實(shí)上，它并沒(méi)有考生們認(rèn)為的那么難，只要掌握了閱讀理解的解題“必殺技”，就可以攻破出題人的“拳數(shù)套路” 。下面以選自于?教研中心研發(fā)的《2009考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解技巧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全書》中的一篇與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的篇目為例，教你掌握閱讀理解解題“必殺技”，讓我們先從傳統(tǒng)閱讀開(kāi)始。

　　傳統(tǒng)閱讀 經(jīng)濟(jì)篇

　　對(duì)于考研閱讀試題，由于客觀試題本身對(duì)選項(xiàng)的要求――解的唯一性和選項(xiàng)間的不可爭(zhēng)議性。而社會(huì)科學(xué)本身不同于自然科學(xué)，有非常明確的界限。命題人為了避免兩者之間的沖突，所選文章通常具有以下兩大特點(diǎn)：

　　1．文章中心單一、突出，即整個(gè)文章的說(shuō)明或論述均緊緊圍繞一個(gè)中心進(jìn)行。

　　2．作者對(duì)所描述或論述的事物持有的態(tài)度褒貶分明（當(dāng)然，客觀描述某些事件的態(tài)度除外，因?yàn)樽髡邞B(tài)度是客觀的，就不會(huì)有個(gè)人的褒貶之態(tài)）。

　　文章的這兩大特點(diǎn)也構(gòu)成了考生在正確答題時(shí)的兩條宏觀主線（通?？忌盐者@兩點(diǎn)足以保證拿下閱讀試題中70%以上的分?jǐn)?shù)）。

　　如：

　　When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero is not biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle--brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too，” she says.

　　Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealer-ships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

　　Consumers say they are not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied(a.狂亂的) overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

　　Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential homebuyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers would not mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. (2004.P3)

　　51. By “Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means

　　A. Spero can hardly maintain her business

　　B. Spero is too much engaged in her work

　　C. Spero has grown out of her bad habit

　　D. Spero is not in a desperate situation

　　【解答過(guò)程】解題思路一：

　　從文章中各種帶有感情色彩的短語(yǔ)“don't sound any alarms”，“only concerned, not panicked”，“remain optimistic”，“not in despair”，“still feel pretty good”，“feel pretty comfortable”和“still be worth toasting”，我們可以看到，作者及美國(guó)人對(duì)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不景氣持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)Spero幾乎不能維持他的生意了。如果商業(yè)到了這般狀況，人們還會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)樂(lè)觀得起來(lái)嗎？A違背了文中的基本態(tài)度，排除。B項(xiàng)Spero太忙于自己的工作，文中第二句提到了Spero不能修剪、銼磨、上油指甲到他想要的數(shù)量，并且后文中又提到Spero在不斷降低自己的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模，均說(shuō)明生意在萎縮，生意不景氣顯然不可能有太多的活要做，排除B。選項(xiàng)C Spero已經(jīng)改掉了他的壞脾氣，文中根本就沒(méi)有提及這個(gè)內(nèi)容，排除C。選項(xiàng)D Spero并沒(méi)有陷于絕望的境地，正好符合作者的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度基調(diào)，且與后文吻合，所以答案選D。

　　解題思路二：

　　從中心與態(tài)度角度判斷，A偏離文中態(tài)度基調(diào)，B、C談到的均是具體表面的含義，偏離了文章中心，排除。同樣，答案為D。

　　52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

　　A. Optimistic.

　　B. Confused.

　　C. Carefree.

　　D. Panicked.

　　【解答過(guò)程】上面已有分析，答案為A 樂(lè)觀的。B困惑的，C無(wú)憂慮的（樂(lè)觀并不代表沒(méi)有憂慮，文中談到“only concerned, not panicked”正是說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)），D恐慌的，均不符合文意，排除。

　　53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Paragraph 3) the author is talking about

　　.

　　A. gold market

　　B. real estate

　　C. stock exchange

　　D. venture investment

　　【解答過(guò)程】對(duì)于這種類似于指代關(guān)系的判斷，通常采用就近原則，即指代的內(nèi)容通常是之前緊鄰的中心詞。因?yàn)槿绻复膬?nèi)容間隔太遠(yuǎn)，容易產(chǎn)生歧義，不符合命題原則。這里，與這句緊鄰的前后作者談?wù)摰木怯嘘P(guān)Home prices的話題，所以可以斷定“the $4 million to $10 million range”談?wù)摰氖莚eal estate（地產(chǎn)），答案B。A黃金市場(chǎng)，文中雖然出現(xiàn)了gold這個(gè)詞，但這里gold充當(dāng)?shù)氖切揎椩~，修飾rush，表示“高漲的”；C股票交易，雖然文章談到了華爾街，但并沒(méi)有談到股票交易，只是說(shuō)華爾街的股息收益提供了“the $4 million to $10 million range”的資金來(lái)源，而股票的收益又為股票提供資金來(lái)源本身在理論上就說(shuō)不通（如果股息為股票提供資金，股票又賺取股息，豈不是雞生蛋蛋生雞，一張紙左手換到右手就能不斷賺取收益，那還有誰(shuí)去從事實(shí)業(yè)呢?）；D風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，文中并沒(méi)有提及到。

　　54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?

　　A. They would benefit in certain ways.

　　B. The stock market shows signs of recovery.

　　C. Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.

　　D. The purchasing power would be enhanced.

　　【解答過(guò)程】解題思路一：

　　雖然有些考生對(duì)于本句話的理解可能不是很清晰，但從該段結(jié)構(gòu)看，段落首句給出該句后，后面均是具體事實(shí)的列舉，由此可以斷定，該句為該段的中心句，這也符合英文表達(dá)的習(xí)慣。該句直譯：對(duì)于此次經(jīng)濟(jì)的減緩，許多人仍然可以看到銀里子。在這里，我們暫且不管“silver linings”到底指“銀里子”對(duì)不對(duì)，但我們可以肯定，既然是由“金銀”修飾的名詞，肯定不會(huì)是什么壞東西。那么，我們可以直接把它用“好處”這一具有廣泛含義的詞來(lái)含糊的替代它理解。這句話就轉(zhuǎn)化成了這樣一個(gè)很明確的語(yǔ)義：對(duì)于此次??濟(jì)的減緩，許多人仍然可以看到很多好處。語(yǔ)義明確了，從段落結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容方面我們已斷定該句話就是段落的中心，后面舉例正是對(duì)本中心的具體說(shuō)明，從potential home buyers，employers，diners ，getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant等幾個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)明這一中心，人們可以在不同的方面獲得一些實(shí)惠，同時(shí)也符合作者樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度基調(diào)（benefit），故答案為A。B股票市場(chǎng)顯示了復(fù)蘇的跡象（文中雖然提到股市，但并沒(méi)提到股市的狀況），C繁榮之前通常有這種衰退，D購(gòu)買力會(huì)得以提高，這三者在文中均沒(méi)有提及。

　　解題思路二：

　　從另一方面來(lái)看，A他們會(huì)從某些方面獲得實(shí)惠。通常，??濟(jì)衰退并非所有的人都得不到利益，不同的人可能會(huì)從不同的方面獲得一些好處。A含義富有彈性，含有特征詞certain，且與現(xiàn)實(shí)邏??吻合，故確定答案為A。

　　解題思路三：

　　把中心與態(tài)度結(jié)合起來(lái)判斷，文章中心描述的是??濟(jì)衰退對(duì)人們生活的影響，作者態(tài)度是樂(lè)觀的，兩者結(jié)合，既涉及到生活方面，又表現(xiàn)出樂(lè)觀態(tài)度（從benefit這一詞可以看出），只有A，故確定答案為A。

　　55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

　　A. A now boom, on the horizon.

　　B. Tighten the belt, the single remedy.

　　C. Caution all right, panic not.

　　D. The more ventures, the more chances.

　　【解答過(guò)程】本文談?wù)摰闹行氖墙?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度放緩對(duì)美國(guó)人的影響及人們所持的態(tài)度，A即將出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，談到的是經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)興，偏離中心，排除。D風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越多，機(jī)會(huì)越大，談到的是投資，偏離中心，排除。B勒緊腰帶，別無(wú)選擇，態(tài)度過(guò)于低沉，和作者樂(lè)觀態(tài)度相悖，排除。C謹(jǐn)慎一點(diǎn)，無(wú)須恐慌，態(tài)度與作者吻合，且我們可以在文中可以找到依據(jù)“only concerned, not panicked”，答案C。

　　【總結(jié)】本文是2004年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章中最難的一篇，其難點(diǎn)在于文中出現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)比較抽象的語(yǔ)句，使考生對(duì)語(yǔ)義的理解不清晰，導(dǎo)致答題時(shí)無(wú)所適從。其實(shí)，在做閱讀理解這類題型時(shí)，我們并不需要把每個(gè)句子都弄清楚。當(dāng)遇到一些模糊概念時(shí)，我們可以跳過(guò)法，首先從整體上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，再適當(dāng)兼顧細(xì)節(jié)，采用多種不同的技巧答題。如果有些題目還是不能作答的話，我們完全可以選擇放棄，畢竟并不是每個(gè)人都能獲得滿分。

　　提高閱讀除了掌握一定的方法和技巧以外，也要通過(guò)研做真題來(lái)掌握命題規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)。然而，考生的時(shí)間和能力都是有限的，在有限且緊張的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間內(nèi)，迅速掌握命題規(guī)律且提高個(gè)人的閱讀能力，對(duì)于每一個(gè)考生來(lái)說(shuō)，難度都不小。但是，你可以選擇權(quán)威的參考資料或其他輔助個(gè)人有效學(xué)習(xí)的方式，最短時(shí)間獲得最多的精華。以上文出處——《考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解技巧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全書》為例，它詮釋了真題的命題規(guī)律，解讀考研閱讀的難點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧，且對(duì)閱讀各種內(nèi)容及題型做出詳盡的分析，指導(dǎo)性比較直接、全面。所以，建議考生，在選擇參考資料時(shí)，要選擇那些圍繞大綱、靠近真題、解析全面、指導(dǎo)直接的資料。以便資料的有效運(yùn)用。