對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學國際貿(mào)易學2004年考研真題-跨考考研

? 跨考考研為大家整理出對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學國際貿(mào)易學2004年考研真題精選，希望能幫大家夯實基礎。

對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學

2004年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試

國際貿(mào)易學綜合試題 (試題代碼：4123)

一、判斷(正確的劃√，錯誤的劃×。每題1分，共5分)

? 1．在均衡的國民收入水平上，非計劃存貨投資必須等于零，且計劃投資與實際投資必須相等。 ( ? )

? 2．當政府對某一行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品實施最低限價政策時，通常會導致該行業(yè)的供給減少，市場需求增加。( ? )

? 3．按照國際商會《2000年通則》的規(guī)定，如果買方想采用鐵路運輸，愿意辦理進出口清關手續(xù)并擔其中的費用，買方可以采用FCA貿(mào)易術語。 ( ? )

? 4．根據(jù)國際慣例，保兌行審核單證無誤而付款后，若開證行倒閉或無理拒付，則保兌行有要向受益人索回貨款。 ( ? ? )

? 5．2002年8月國際貨幣基金組織有關數(shù)據(jù)表明，中國是2001年黃金儲備增長最多的國家。 ( ? ? )

二、單項選擇 (每題1分，共5分)

1．壟斷廠商面對兩個相互獨立、需要彈性不同的市場時，為獲取最大利潤，廠商應該實行 ( ? )。

? A．同一價格 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．一級價格歧視

? C．二級價格歧視 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．三級價格歧視

2．廠商對要素的需求取決于 ( ? ?)

? A．要素的邊際生產(chǎn)力 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．產(chǎn)品的價格

? C．要素的平均產(chǎn)量 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．要素的供給量

3．一切險與水漬險各項保險責任的不同之處在于 ( ? ?) 的賠償。

? A．自然災害所造成的單獨海損 ? ? ? ? B．意外事故所造成的全部或部分損失

? C．一般外來原因所造成的損失 ? ? ? ? D．特殊外來原因所造成的損失

4．下列哪一項屬于國際收支的長期性不平衡：( ? ? ?)

? A．結構性不平衡 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．收入性不平衡

? C．周期性不平衡 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．貨幣性不平衡

5．下列屬于三級儲備資產(chǎn)的有：( ? ?)

? A．活期存款 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．短期存款

? C．黃金儲備 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．普通提款權

三、多項選擇 (選擇錯誤或選擇不完全均不給分，每題2分，共10分)

1．對于生產(chǎn)函Q=f(L，K)和成本方程C=w. L+r.K來說，在最優(yōu)的生產(chǎn)要素組合點上應該有( ? )。

A．等產(chǎn)量曲線和等成本線相切

2．按《UCP500》規(guī)定，除非另有約定，賣方不得提交( ? ? )。

?A．艙面提單 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．已裝船提單

C．清潔提單 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．不清潔提單

E．指示提單

3．一項合同成立的有效條件包括 ( ? ? )。

? A．當事人必須具有簽訂合同的行為能力 ? ? ? B．合同必須有對價或約因

? C．合同的內(nèi)容必須合法 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．合同必須符合法律規(guī)定的形式

? E．合同當事人的意思表示必須真實

4．在下列IME貸款類型中，屬于普通貸款的是：( ? ? ?)

? A．緩沖庫存貸款 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．中期貸款

? C．信托基金貸款 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．補充貸款

5．下列能在合同有效期任何一天交割的有：( ? ? )

? A．歐式期權 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．美式期權

? C．擇期 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．遠期合同

四、名詞解釋 (每題4分，共16分)

1．經(jīng)濟增長的黃金分割率

2．納什均衡

3．一價定律

4．寄售

五、簡述題 (每題10分，共30分)

?1．新凱恩斯主義是如何解釋價格和工資粘性的？由此提出的經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定政策是什么？

?2．簡述產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易說的核心內(nèi)容。

?3．特里芬兩難為何構成布雷頓森林體系的致命缺陷？

六、論述與分析題(第1、2 題第題各10分，第3題14分，共34分)

1．美國對包括鋼鐵、汽車及紡織品在內(nèi)的許多產(chǎn)品實行配額。經(jīng)濟學家們估算通過拍賣配額權，美國財政部每年至少獲得100億美元的收入。假定美國的服裝市場在無貿(mào)易條件下，國內(nèi)的服裝均衡價格為8美元/1單位，交易數(shù)量為200單位。而服裝的世界市場價格為4美元/1單位。美國在自由貿(mào)易條件下，美國的服裝價格降至4美元，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者只供給100單位，需進口200單位才能滿足國內(nèi)需求?，F(xiàn)假定美國政府的服裝配額為100單位，并將配額按一年的進口量分配給各進口國。請圖示對美國的服裝配額進行分析。

? ?（1）美國的服裝交易量各價格將是多少？

? ?（2）配額導致的效率損失是多少？

? ?（3）拍賣配額權會帶來什么影響？

2．我某進出口公司于5月15日向外商A發(fā)盤并限其18日復到我方。A于16日上午10時向當?shù)剜]局交發(fā)關于接受我方發(fā)盤的電報。但由于當?shù)剜]局工人罷工，該電報在傳遞途中延誤到22日才送達我方。我公司認為對方答復逾期，未予置理，并將貨物以較高價格售予外商B。5月25日，A來電稱：信用證已經(jīng)開出，要求我方盡早出運貨物。我方立即復電A，聲明接受到達過晚，雙方并不存在合同關系。同此，雙方發(fā)生爭執(zhí)。試根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的有關規(guī)定，分析雙方孰是孰非？并說明理由。

3．試析戰(zhàn)略性外購(strategic outsourcing ) 的合理性。

七、專業(yè)英語(英譯中，每題25分，共50分)

1．The Taylor Rule: Could RobotReplace Alan Greenspan?

? ? ? Macroeconomist JohnTaylor of Stanford University Calls for a

? ? ? New Monetary Rule ThatWould Institutionalize Appropriate Fed

? ? ? Policy Responses toChanges in Real Output and Inflation.

In ourdiscussion of rules versus discretion, “rules” were associated with a passive monetaryPolicy-one in which the monetary rule required that the Fed expand the moneysupply at a fixed annual rate regardless of the state of the economy. “Discretion”on the other hand, was associated which the Fed changed the interest rate inresponse to actual or anticipated changes in the economy

EconomistJohn Taylor has put a new twist on the rule-versus-discretion debate bysuggestion a hybrid policy rule that dictates the precise active monetaryactions the Fed should take when changes in the economy occur. This so-called Taylor rule combinestraditional monetarism, with its emphasis on a monetary rule, and the moremainstream view that active monetary policy is a useful tool taming inflationand limiting recession. Unlike the Friedman monetary rule, the Taylor rule holds, for example,that monetary policy should respond to changes in both real GDP and inflation,not simply inflation. The key adjustment instrument is the interest rate, notthe money supply.

The Taylor rule has threeparts:

● ?If real GDP rises 1 percentabove potential GDP, the Fed should raise the Federal Funds rate ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ?(the interbank interest rate of overnightloans), relative to the current inflation rate, by. 5 percent.

● ? ?If inflation rises by 1 percentabove its target of 2 percent, then the Fed should raise the Federal funds rateby. 5 percent relative to the inflation rate.

● ? ?When the real GDP is equal topotential GDP and inflation is equal to its target rate of 2 percent, theFederal funds rate remain at about 4 percent, which would imply a real interestrate of 2 percent.

Taylor has neither suggested norimplied that a robot, programmed with the Taylorrule, should replace Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Federal System. The Fed’sdiscretion to override the rule (or “contingency plan for policy”) would beretained, but the Fed would have to explain why its policies diverged from therule. So the rule would remove the “mystery” associated with monetary policyand increase the Fed’s accountability. Also, says Taylor, if used consistently, the rule wouldenable market participants to predict Fed behavior, and this would increase Fedcredibility and reduce uncertainty.

Criticsof the Taylorrule admit it is more in tune with countercyclical Fed policy than withFriedman’s simple monetary rule. But they see no reason to limit the Fed’sdiscretion in adjusting interest rates as it sees fit to achieve stabilizationand growth. Monetary policy may be more art than science. The critics also pointout that the Fed has done a remarkable job of promoting price stability, fullemployment, and economic growth over the past decade. In view of this success,they ask, “Why saddle the Fed with a highly mechanical monetary rule?”

2. Petition of the Candlemakers, 1845

French Economist Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850)Devastated the

Proponents of Protectionism bySatirically Extending Their

Reasoning to Its Logical and AbsurdConclusions.

Petition of the Manufacturers of Candles,Waxlights, Lamps, Candlesticks, Street Lamps, Snuffers, Extinguishers, and ofthe Producers of Oil Tallow, Rosin, Alcohol, and, Generally, of EverythingConnected with Lighting.

TO MESSIEURS THE MEMBERS OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.

Gentlemen-Youare on the right road. You reject abstract theories, and have littleconsideration for cheapness and plenty. Your chief care is the interest ofproducer. You desire to emancipate him from external competition, and reservethe national market for national industry.

We are aboutto offer you an admirable opportunity of applying your-what shall we call it?No; nothing is more deceptive than theory; your doctrine? Your system? yourprinciple? but you dislike doctrines, you abhor systems, and as principles, youdeny that there are any in social economy: we shall say, then, your practice,your practice without theory and without principle.

We aresuffering from the intolerable competition of a foreign rival, placed, it wouldseem, in a condition so far superior to ours for the production of light, thatthe absolutely inundates our national market with it at a price fabulouslyreduced. The moment he shows himself, our trade leaves us-all consumers applyto him; and a branch of native industry, having countless ramifications, is allonce rendered completely stagnant. This rival…is no other than the Sun.

What wepray for is, that is may please you to pass a law ordering the shuttling up allof windows, skylights, dormer windows, outside and inside shutters, curtains,blinds, bull’s-eyes; in a word, of all openings holes, chinks, clefts, andfissures, by or through which the light of the sun has been in use to enterhouses, to the prejudice of the meritorious manufacturers with which we flatterourselves we have accommodated our country, -a country which, in gratitude,ought not to abandon us now to a strife so unequal.

If moretallow is consumed, then there must be more oxen and sheep; and consequently,we shall be hold the multiplication of artificial meadows, meat, wool, hides,and, above all, manure, which is the basis and foundation of all agriculturalwealth.

The sameremark applies to navigation. Thousands of vessels will proceed to the whalefishery; and, in a short time, we shall possess a navy capable of maintainingthe honor of France,and gratifying the patriotic aspirations of your petitioners, the undersignedcandlemakers and others.

Onlyhave the goodness to reflect, Gentlemen, and you will be convinced that thereis perhaps, no Frenchman, from the wealth coalmaster to humblest vender of Lucifermatches, whose lot will be ameliorated by success of this our petition.

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