2016騫磋€冪爺瑗挎柟緇忔祹瀛﹀繀鐭ヨ瘝姹囷紙2錛塤璺ㄨ€冪綉

銆€銆€31銆佸瀯鏂殑鏃犺皳鎹熷け(Deadweightlossofmonopoly)

銆€銆€濡傛灉涓€涓畬鍏ㄧ珵浜夌殑甯?jìng)鍦鸿浆鍙樹(shù)皋Z竴涓瀯鏂殑甯?jìng)鍦哄Q岃繖縐嶈漿鍙樻墍甯︽潵鐨勬€誨墿浣欑殑鍑忓皯灝辨槸鏃犺皳鎹熷け銆?

銆€銆€32銆佷拱鏂瑰瀯鏂殑鏃犺皳鎹熷け(Deadweightlossofmonopsony)

銆€銆€濡傛灉涓€涓畬鍏ㄧ珵浜夌殑甯?jìng)鍦鸿浆鍙樻垚涓€涓拱鏂瑰瀯鏂殑甯?jìng)鍦哄Q岃繖縐嶈漿鍙樻墍甯︽潵鐨勬€誨墿浣欑殑鍑忓皯鍗充負(fù)鏃犺皳鎹熷け銆?

銆€銆€33銆佹垚鏈€掑噺琛屼笟(Decreasing-costindustry)

銆€銆€鎴愭湰閫掑噺琛屼笟鏄寚鍏鋒湁鍚戜笅鍊炬枩鐨勯暱鏈熶緵緇欐洸綰跨殑琛屼笟錛屽畠鐨勬墿澶т細(xì)寮曡搗騫沖潎鎴愭湰涓嬮檷銆?

銆€銆€34銆佽妯℃敹鐩婇€掑噺(Decreasingreturntoscale)

銆€銆€濡傛灉鎵€鏈夋姇鍏ュ搧鐨勬暟閲忛兘浠ョ浉鍚岀殑鐧懼垎鏁板鍔狅紝騫跺鑷翠駭閲忓鍔犵殑鐧懼垎鏁板皬浜庤鐧懼垎鏁幫紝灝辨槸瑙勬ā鏀剁泭閫掑噺鐨勩€?

銆€銆€35銆侀渶姹傛洸綰?Demandcurve)

銆€銆€闇€姹傛洸綰胯〃紺哄湪姣忎竴浠鋒牸涓嬫墍闇€姹傜殑鍟嗗搧鏁伴噺銆?

銆€銆€36銆佸彲璐瘋祫閲戠殑闇€姹傛洸綰?Demandcurveofloanablefunds)

銆€銆€鍙捶璧勯噾鐨勯渶姹傛洸綰胯〃紺哄彲璐瘋祫閲戠殑闇€姹傞噺涓庡埄鐜囦簩鑰呬箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆?

銆€銆€37銆佽創(chuàng)鐜扮巼(Discountrate)

銆€銆€褰撳埄鐜囩敤浜庤綆楁姇璧勭殑鍑€鐜板€兼椂錛屽畠琚О涓鴻創(chuàng)鐜扮巼銆?

銆€銆€38銆佸彲鍒嗘暎椋庨櫓(Diversifiablerisk)

銆€銆€鍙互閫氳繃澶氭牱鍖栨潵閬垮厤鐨勯闄╂槸鍙垎鏁ｉ闄┿€?

銆€銆€39銆佷富瀵煎巶鍟?Dominantfirm)

銆€銆€鍦ㄥ澶村瀯鏂殑琛屼笟涓紝涓誨鍘傚晢鏄竴涓埗瀹氫環(huán)鏍肩殑澶у瀷鍘傚晢錛屽畠鍏佽璇ヨ涓氫腑鐨勫皬鍘傚晢鍦ㄦ浠鋒牸涓嬮攢鍞畠浠兂鍑哄敭鐨勫叏閮ㄦ暟閲忕殑鍟嗗搧銆?

銆€銆€40銆佷紭鍔跨瓥鐣?Dominantstrategy)

銆€銆€涓嶈鍏朵粬灞€涓漢閲囧彇浠€涔堢瓥鐣ワ紝浼樺娍絳栫暐瀵逛竴涓眬涓漢鑰岃█閮芥槸鏈€濂界殑絳栫暐銆?

銆€銆€41銆佸弻澶村瀯鏂?Duopoly)

銆€銆€鍙屽ご鍨勬柇鏄寚鏈変袱涓崠涓昏繖鏍蜂竴縐嶅競(jìng)鍦虹粨鏋勩€傚彜璇烘ā鍨嬶紝浠ュ強(qiáng)鍏朵粬妯″瀷涓兘娑夊強(qiáng)鍙屽ご鍨勬柇銆?

銆€銆€42銆佺粡嫻庢晥鐜?Economicefficiency)

銆€銆€緇忔祹鏁堢巼鏄寚榪欐牱涓€縐嶇姸鍐碉紝鎵€榪涜鐨勪換浣曟敼鍙橀兘涓嶄細(xì)緇欎換浣曚漢甯︽潵鎹熷け鑰岃兘澧炲姞涓€浜涗漢鐨勭鍒┿€傝繖鏍蜂竴縐嶇姸鎬佸氨鏄粡嫻庣殑鏈夋晥鐜囩姸鍐?鎴栬€呭笗绱墭鏁堢巼鎴栧笗绱墭鏈€浼?銆?

銆€銆€43銆佺粡嫻庡埄娑?Economicprofit)

銆€銆€緇忔祹鍒╂鼎鏄寚鍘傚晢鐨勬敹鐩婁笌瀹冪殑鎴愭湰涔嬪樊錛屽悗鑰呭寘鎷粠鏈€鏈夊埄鐨勫彟澶栦竴縐嶅巶鍟嗚祫婧愮殑浣跨敤涓彲浠ヨ幏寰楃殑鏀剁泭銆?

銆€銆€44銆佺敓浜х殑緇忔祹鍖哄煙(Economicregionofproduction)

銆€銆€鐢熶駭鐨勭粡嫻庡尯鍩熸槸鎸囩瓑浜ч噺綰挎枩鐜囦負(fù)璐熺殑鎶曞叆鍝佺粍鍚堛€傛病鏈変竴涓巶鍟嗕細(xì)鍦ㄧ瓑浜ч噺綰挎枩鐜囦負(fù)姝ｇ殑鐐逛笂榪愯錛屽洜涓哄湪榪欑鐐逛笂鎬諱細(xì)鏈変竴縐嶆姇鍏ュ搧鐨勮竟闄呬駭鍝佷負(fù)璐熴€?

銆€銆€45銆佺粡嫻庤祫婧?Economicresource)

銆€銆€緇忔祹璧勬簮鏄寚涓€縐嶇█緙虹殑銆佽姹備竴涓潪闆朵環(huán)鏍肩殑璧勬簮銆?

銆€銆€46銆佽寖鍥寸粡嫻?Economiesofscope)

銆€銆€鑼冨洿緇忔祹鏄寚鐢卞巶鍟嗙殑鑼冨洿鑰岄潪瑙勬ā甯︽潵鐨勭粡嫻庛€傚彧瑕佹妸涓ょ鎴栨洿澶氱殑浜у搧鍚堝茍鍦ㄤ竴璧風(fēng)敓浜ф瘮鍒嗗紑鏉ョ敓浜х殑鎴愭湰瑕佷綆錛屽氨浼?xì)瀛樺湪鑼冨洿缁弸箮銆?

銆€銆€47銆佹湁鏁堝競(jìng)鍦哄亣璇?Efficientmarketshypothesis)

銆€銆€鏍規(guī)嵁榪欎竴鍋囪錛屾姇璧勮€呭湪涔板崠鑲＄エ鏃朵細(xì)榪呴€熸湁鏁堝湴鍒╃敤鍙兘鐨勪俊鎭€傛墍鏈夊凡鐭ョ殑褰卞搷涓€縐嶈偂紲ㄤ環(huán)鏍肩殑鍥犵礌閮藉凡緇忓弽鏄犲湪鑲＄エ鐨勪環(huán)鏍間腑錛屽洜姝ゆ牴鎹繖涓€鐞嗚錛岃偂紲ㄧ殑鎶€鏈垎鏋愭槸鏃犳晥鐨勩€?榪欎釜鍋囪鏈変笁縐嶅艦寮忋€?

銆€銆€48銆佽儲(chǔ)瀵岀姸鍐?Endowmentposition)

銆€銆€璐㈠瘜鐘跺喌鏄寚娑堣垂鑰呮瘡騫寸殑鏀朵漢銆?

銆€銆€49銆佹仼鏍煎皵鏇茬嚎(Engelcurve)

銆€銆€鎭╂牸灝?dāng)鏇簿U垮弽鏄犵殑鏄墍璐拱鐨勪竴縐嶅晢鍝佺殑鍧囪　鏁伴噺涓庢秷璐硅€呮敹鍏ユ按騫充箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆傚畠鏄互19涓栫邯寰峰浗鐨?a target="_blank">緇熻瀛?/a>瀹舵仼鏂壒路鎭╂牸灝?dāng)鐨勫悕瀛楀懡鍚嶇殑銆?

銆€銆€50銆佸潎琛?Equilibrium)

銆€銆€鍧囪　鏄寚娌℃湁浠諱綍鍙樺寲瓚嬪娍鐨勭姸鎬併€備緥濡傦紝鍧囪　浠鋒牸灝辨槸涓€縐嶈兘澶熺淮鎸佺殑浠鋒牸銆?

銆€銆€51銆佽繃鍓╃敓浜ц兘鍔?Excesscapacity)

銆€銆€榪囧墿鐢熶駭鑳藉姏鏄寚鎴愭湰鏈€浣庝駭閲忎笌闀挎湡鍧囪　涓殑瀹為檯浜ч噺涔嬪樊銆傚瀯鏂珵浜夌悊璁烘湁涓€涓憲鍚嶇殑涓旈鏈変簤璁虹殑緇撹錛屽畠璁や負(fù)榪欑甯?jìng)鍦壕l撴瀯涔嬩笅鐨勫巶鍟嗗線寰€浼?xì)鍦q樻湁榪囧墿鐢熶駭鑳藉姏鐨勬儏鍐典笅榪涜鐢熶駭銆?

銆€銆€52銆佹墿寮犺礬寰?Expansionpath)

銆€銆€鎵╁紶璺緞鏄寚涓庡悇縐嶄駭閲忕浉瀵瑰簲鐨勭瓑浜ч噺綰夸笌絳夋垚鏈嚎鐩稿垏鐨勭偣鐨勮建榪廣€?鎵€鏈夋姇鍏ュ搧閮芥槸鍙彉鐨勩€?

銆€銆€53銆佹湡鏈涜揣甯佷環(huán)鍊?Expectedmonetaryvale)

銆€銆€涓轟簡(jiǎn)紜畾涓€欏規(guī)姇鏈虹殑鏈熸湜璐у竵浠峰€鹼紝璁＄畻姣忎竴縐嶅彲鑳藉嚭鐜扮殑緇撴灉鐨勮揣甯佹敹鐩?鎴栨崯澶?涓庡叾鍑虹幇鐨勬鐜囩浉涔樹(shù)互鍚庣殑鍜屻€?

銆€銆€54銆侀鏈熷埄娑?Expectedprofit)

銆€銆€棰勬湡鍒╂鼎灝辨槸闀挎湡鐨勫鉤鍧囧埄娑﹀€鹼紝涔熷氨鏄敤鎵€鍑虹幇鐨勬鐜囧姞鏉冧互鍚庣殑鍚勭鍙兘鐨勫埄娑︽按騫充箣鍜屻€?

銆€銆€55銆佸畬鍏ㄤ俊鎭殑棰勬湡浠峰€?Expectedvalueofperfectinformation)

銆€銆€瀹屽叏淇℃伅鐨勯鏈熶環(huán)鍊兼槸鎸囧喅絳栬€呰幏寰楀畬鍏ㄤ俊鎭墍瀵艱嚧鐨勯鏈熺殑璐у竵浠峰€肩殑澧炲姞銆傚畠鏄喅絳栬€呬負(fù)鑾峰緱瀹屽叏鐨勪俊鎭€岃兘鏀粯鐨勬渶澶ф暟閲忋€?

銆€銆€56銆佹樉鎴愭湰(Explicitcosts)

銆€銆€鏄炬垚鏈槸鎸囪處鐩笂鎵€鍖呮嫭鐨勫巶鍟嗙殑姝ｅ父璐圭敤錛岃濡傚伐璧勬垚鏈拰鍘熸潗鏂欐敮浠樸€?

銆€銆€57銆佸閮ㄤ笉緇忔祹(Externaldiseconomy)

銆€銆€澶栭儴涓嶇粡嫻庢槸鎸囩敱浜庢秷璐規(guī)垨鑰呭叾浠栦漢鍜屽巶鍟嗙殑浜у嚭鎵€寮曡搗鐨勪竴涓漢鎴栧巶鍟嗘棤娉曡ˉ鍋跨殑鎴愭湰銆?

銆€銆€58銆佸閮ㄧ粡嫻?Externaleconomy)

銆€銆€澶栭儴緇忔祹鏄寚鐢變簬娑堣垂鎴栬€呭叾浠栦漢鍜屽巶鍟嗙殑浜у嚭鎵€寮曡搗鐨勪竴涓漢鎴栧巶鍟嗘棤娉曠儲(chǔ)鍙栫殑鏀剁泭銆?

銆€銆€鍏堝姩浼樺娍(First-moveradvantages)

銆€銆€鍏堝姩浼樺娍鏄敱浜庡湪鍗氬紙涓涓€涓噰鍙栬鍔ㄧ殑灞€涓漢鎵€鎷ユ湁鐨勪紭鍔褲€?

銆€銆€59銆佸浐瀹氭垚鏈?Fixedcost)

銆€銆€鍥哄畾鎴愭湰涓烘瘡涓椂鏈熶笉鍙樻姇鍏ュ搧鐨勬€繪垚鏈€?

銆€銆€60銆佷笉鍙樻姇浜哄搧(FIXedinput)

銆€銆€涓嶅彉鎶曞叆鍝佹槸鎸囩敓浜ц繃紼嬩腑鎵€浣跨敤鐨?濡傚巶鎴垮拰璁懼)銆佸湪鑰冨療鐨勬湡闂存暟閲忎笉鍙樼殑璧勬簮銆?

銆€銆€2016騫磋€冪爺瑗挎柟緇忔祹瀛﹀繀鐭ヨ瘝姹囨眹鎬?/font>