2012騫磋€冪爺鑻辮闃呰鐞嗚В綺捐綃囷紙鍥涳級(jí)_璺ㄨ€冪綉

銆€銆€TEXT FOUR

銆€銆€The animal dissection requirement of biology classes has been getting under the skin of students for generations, and there have always been some who asked to be excused from the requirement. Now, a growing number of technological alternatives are making it possible for students to swap that scalpel for a computer mouse. There are laws in nearly a dozen states鈥攊ncluding California, Florida, New Jersey, and New York鈥攑rotecting a student's choice to learn about animal anatomy sans scalpel. Some students choosing to opt out feel we should be kinder to our web-footed friends. Others are just queasy at the thought of rubbery frog bodies and the smell of formaldehyde.

銆€銆€"Dissection is icky. There's a yuck factor," admits Brian Shmaefsky, a board member with the National Association of Biology Teachers. "And a teacher has to weigh the benefits with the cost of students being offended to the point that it interferes with learning."

銆€銆€Virtual blades. So for cases in which a real dissection would be too slimy, it's time to try some toad tech. While the first computer-based alternatives to dissection emerged in the 1980s, modern frog dissection software can be found at different websites. These software programs use creative clicking, high-powered zoom functions, and video clips to teach anatomy. Froguts software, for example, lets students trace incision lines with a computer mouse and snip through skin with a virtual blade. There are even sound effects like a "slish" for slicing frog flesh, or a "shwoosh" for pinning down skin flaps. (Schools currently pay about $300 for a one-year software license, though some organizations will lend programs out free of charge.)

銆€銆€Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for "touch") frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh. The hand-held device connects to a computer, and students move the device through the air while watching the results of their actions on a computer screen.

銆€銆€With Digital Frog鈥攁 popular program that's had approximately 1,500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2,000 schools鈥攕tudents can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click. They can then assess their learning with sporadic frog anatomy quizzes.

銆€銆€"Repetition is helpful. The fact that a student can review sections of a program over and over again is important," says Martin Stephens, vice president for animal research issues at the Humane Society of the United States. "In dissections, the animal's organs are all shriveled and discolored. You look for things and can't find them because body parts have changed drastically since the animal was killed. But on a computer screen, layers can be digitally peeled away." Other experts think the dissection technology has its limits. Gerry Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association, says that artificial simulations don't give as enriching an experience as the real thing. Still others worry the programs are depriving kids of experiential learning.

銆€銆€The word 鈥渟wap鈥?(Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____

銆€銆€[A] exchange.

銆€銆€[B] throw away.

銆€銆€[C] reject.

銆€銆€[D] refuse.

銆€銆€2. Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_____

銆€銆€[A] dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells.

銆€銆€[B] they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation.

銆€銆€[C] they are offended when fulfilling the requirements of animal dissection.

銆€銆€[D] they insist that people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects.

銆€銆€3.Brian Shmaefsky鈥檚 statement implies that_____

銆€銆€[A] he indeed supports the students鈥?animal protection movement.

銆€銆€[B] he thinks the animal dissection should be banned.

銆€銆€[C] he thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively.

銆€銆€[D] he always evaluate the teaching effect by weighing reluctant factors of cost and effect.

銆€銆€4.Compared with the real dissection, the dissection on computer has the following advantages except_____

銆€銆€[A] It has authentic sound effect like a 鈥渟lish鈥?or 鈥渟hwoosh鈥?.

銆€銆€[B] there is a sensation of always dealing with fresh and recognizable organs.

銆€銆€[C] The process can be repeated so that students can gather better insight of the animal structure.

銆€銆€[D] Students can take quizzes with the software to evaluate the learning effect.

銆€銆€5.The author鈥檚 attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_____

銆€銆€[A] supportive.

銆€銆€[B] doubtful.

銆€銆€[C] objective.

銆€銆€[D] biased.

銆€銆€鏂囩珷鍓栨瀽錛?/p>

銆€銆€榪欑瘒鏂囩珷浠嬬粛浜?jiǎn)涓€縐嶅彲浠ユ浛浠ｇ敓鐗╄瑙ｅ墫鐨勭數(shù)鑴戠▼搴忋€傜涓€孌佃榪頒紶緇熻В鍓栫殑寮婄錛屽紩鍑?guó)櫑ｅ墫绉戞妧鏇夸唬鍝?絎簩孌墊槸涓€浣嶅鍛樺浼犵粺瑙ｅ墫鐨勭湅娉?絎笁孌佃榪扮數(shù)鑴戣В鍓栫殑鏁堟灉;絎洓孌點(diǎn)€佷簲孌典粙緇嶄簡(jiǎn)涓や釜鐢?shù)鑴戣В鍓柦E嬪簭;絎叚孌佃榪扮數(shù)鑴戣В鍓栫殑浼樼偣鍜屽眬闄愭€с€?/p>

銆€銆€璇嶆眹娉ㄩ噴錛?/p>

銆€銆€dissection n. 瑙ｅ墫 swap v. 浜ゆ崲

銆€銆€scalpel n. 瑙ｅ墫鍒€ queasy adj. 涓嶅畨鐨勶紝鏄撴伓蹇?jī)鐨?/p>

銆€銆€formaldehyde n. 鐢查啗 icky adj.綺樺緱璁ㄥ帉鐨?/p>

銆€銆€yuck n. 璁ㄥ帉 slimy adj. 綺樼硦緋婄殑

銆€銆€toad n. 锜捐湇錛岀櫈铔よ焼 incision n. 鍒囧壊錛屽垏鍙?/p>

銆€銆€haptic adj.瑙﹁鐨?demo n. 紺鴻寖鏍峰搧

銆€銆€amphibious adj. 涓ゆ爾鐨?sporadic adj. 闆舵槦鐨勶紝鏃舵湁鏃舵棤鐨?/p>

銆€銆€shrivel v.(浣?璧風(fēng)毐綰? (浣?鏋悗, (浣?鏉熸墜鏃犵瓥

銆€銆€闅懼彞紿佺牬錛?/p>

銆€銆€(1) Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for "touch") frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh.

銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] A graduate designed the program.

銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽] 榪欐槸涓€涓畝鍗曞彞錛宔arlier this year鏄仛鏁翠釜鍙ュ瓙鐨勭姸璇紝鍚庨潰which 寮曞鐨勮彶闄愬畾鎬у畾璇粠鍙ユ槸鐢ㄦ潵淇グprogram鐨勩€?/p>

銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃] 浠婂勾騫村垵錛屾俯鍝ュ崕瑗胯挋路寮楅浄娉藉ぇ瀛︿竴浣嶇爺絀剁敓璁捐鍑轟簡(jiǎn)絎竴涓猦aptic(甯岃厞璇嶄負(fù)鈥滆Е瑙夆€?闈掕洐瑙ｅ墫紼嬪簭銆傝繖涓▼搴忕敤涓€縐嶇被浼間簬絎旂殑宸ュ叿鍒涢€犲嚭涓€縐嶇浉褰撲簬鍒囧壊鐪熸鐨倝鐨勬劅瑙夈€?/p>

銆€銆€(2) With Digital Frog鈥攁 popular program that's had approximately 1,500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2,000 schools鈥攕tudents can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click.

銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] Students can add or subtract鈥?/p>

銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽] 榪欐槸涓€涓畝鍗曞彞錛屽墠闈ith Digital Frog鏄柟寮忕姸璇紝鐮存姌鍙蜂箣闂寸殑鏄敤鏉ヨВ閲奃igital Frog鐨勶紝鍙互鐪嬩綔鏄悓浣嶈;鐮存姌鍙蜂箣闂寸殑榪欎釜鎴愬垎涓紝that 寮曞鐨勫畾璇粠鍙ヤ慨楗皃rogram錛?榪欎釜浠庡彞鏄敱涓や釜騫跺垪鐨勫彞瀛愭瀯鎴愮殑錛屼互and榪炴帴銆?/p>

銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃] 鈥滅數(shù)瀛愰潚铔欌€濇槸涓€縐嶅緢鍙楁榪庣殑紼嬪簭錛岃嚜涓€鏈堜喚浠ユ潵澶х害鏈?500涓潚铔欑ず鑼冧笅杞斤紝鐜板湪鐢ㄤ簬2000鎵€瀛︽牎銆?/p>

銆€銆€棰樼洰鍒嗘瀽錛?/p>

銆€銆€1. The word 鈥渟wap鈥?(Line 3, Paragraph 1 ) most probably means_____ 1. 鈥渟wap鈥?(絎竴孌電涓夎)鏈€鏈夊彲鑳界殑鎰忔€濇槸_____

銆€銆€[A] exchange. [A] 浜ゆ崲銆?/p>

銆€銆€[B] throw away. [B] 鎶涘純銆?/p>

銆€銆€[C] reject. [C] 涓㈠純銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] refuse. [D] 鎷掔粷銆?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]A

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鐚滆瘝棰樸€備笂鏂囨彁鍒幫紝鏈変竴浜涘鐢熻姹備笉鍋氳繖縐嶈В鍓栵紝閭ｄ箞鐜板湪鏈夎澶氱鎶€鏇夸唬鐗╀嬌寰楄繖涓垚涓虹幇瀹烇紝灝辨槸鐢ㄨ綆楁満榧犳爣鏉ユ浛浠ｈВ鍓栧垁錛屼笅鏂囦篃鎻愬埌浜?jiǎn)鐢ㄧ數(shù)鑴懡E嬪簭鏉ヤ唬鏇跨湡姝ｇ殑鐢ㄨВ鍓栧垁榪涜鐨勫疄楠屻€傚洜姝わ紝姝ｇ‘絳旀涓篈閫夐」銆?/p>

銆€銆€2. Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_____ 2. 涓€浜涘鐢熻姹傚厤浜庣敓鐗╄鐨勮姹傛槸鍥犱負(fù)闄や簡(jiǎn)閫夐」_____澶栦互涓嬬殑鍘熷洜銆?/p>

銆€銆€[A] dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells. [A]瑙ｅ墫鐨勮繃紼嬪緢鎭跺績(jī)涓旀皵鍛抽毦闂匯€?/p>

銆€銆€[B] they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation. [B] 鏈夌浉搴?a target="_blank">娉曞緥鍏佽浠栦滑鎷掔粷淇В鍓栬紼?/p>

銆€銆€[C] they are offended when fulfilling the requirement of animal dissection. [C] 浠栦滑鍦ㄤ笂鍔ㄧ墿瑙ｅ墫璇炬椂鎰熻鍙楀埌鑷繁鍙楀埌浜?jiǎn)鍐掔?/p>

銆€銆€[D] they insist people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects. [D] 浠栦滑鍧氭寔璁や負(fù)浜轟滑瀵瑰緟鍔ㄧ墿搴旇鏇村儚鏈嬪弸鑰屼笉鏄瑙傜墿浣?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]B

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽嗏槅

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€傛枃绔犵涓€孌墊彁鍒幫紝涓€浜涘鐢熼€夋嫨涓嶅仛鏄洜涓轟粬浠劅鍒板簲鍒板榪欑鍔ㄧ墿鍙嬪ソ浜涳紝鍙﹀鏄洜涓烘兂鍒伴潚铔欑殑韜綋銆侀椈鍒扮敳閱涚殑鍛抽亾灝辨劅鍒版伓蹇?jī)銆傚洜姝わ紝絳旀A銆丏鏄師鍥狅紝絳旀B騫朵笉鏄粬浠笉鎰挎剰鍋氳В鍓栫殑鍘熷洜錛岃€屾槸鍥犱負(fù)浠栦滑涓嶆効鎰忓仛鎵嶆湁浜?jiǎn)鐩稿呄x(chóng)硶寰嬩繚鎶や粬浠殑榪欑鏉冨埄銆傞€夐」C鍖呭惈浜?jiǎn)A鍜孌涓や釜閫夐」銆傚洜姝わ紝絳旀涓築銆?/p>

銆€銆€3.Brian Shmaefsky鈥檚 statement implies that_____ 3. Brian Shmaefsky鐨勮瘽鎰忓懗鐫€_____

銆€銆€[A] he indeed support the students鈥?animal protection movement. [A] 浠栧疄闄呬笂鏀寔瀛︾敓浠殑淇濇姢鍔ㄧ墿榪愬姩銆?/p>

銆€銆€[B] he thinks the animal dissection should be banned. [B] 浠栬涓哄簲褰撶姝㈠姩鐗╄В鍓栥€?/p>

銆€銆€[C] he thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively. [C] 浠栬涓哄姩鐗╄В鍓栦笉涓€瀹氭湁鍒╀簬瀛︾敓鏈夋晥鍦板涔?fàn)鐢熺墿銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] he always evaluate the teaching effect by weighing relevant factors of cost and effect. [D] 浠栨€繪槸閫氳繃琛￠噺鐩稿叧鐨勬垚鏈強(qiáng)浜у嚭絳夊洜绱犳潵琛￠噺鏁欏鏁堟灉銆?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]C

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€侭rian Shmaefsky鐨勮瘽鍒嗕負(fù)涓ら儴鍒嗭細(xì)瑙ｅ墫綺樼硦緋婄殑錛屾瘮杈冭鍘?鑰佸笀搴旇琛￠噺涓€涓嬪鐢熷鏋滄劅瑙夊埌鍙楀埌鍐掔姱錛岀敋鑷沖獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅埌浜?jiǎn)瀛︿範(fàn)鏁堟灉閭寰椾笉鍋垮ぷ兒?jiǎn)銆傚墠鍗婂彞涔熸槸涓哄悗闈㈢殑鏈嶅姟錛屽張鏍規(guī)嵁浠栨槸鍥藉鐢熺墿鏁欏笀鍗忎細(xì)鎴愬憳錛岄偅涔堝簲璇ユ槸閽堝瀵瑰鐢熷涔?fàn)锛屼粬瑙夊緱杩櫩U嶈В鍓栨湁鏃朵細(xì)闃葷瀛︾敓瀛︿範(fàn)銆傞€夐」C絎﹀悎棰樻剰銆傞€夐」D騫朵笉鏄粬鎯寵琛ㄨ揪鐨勬剰鎬?閫夐」B浠栧茍娌℃湁琛ㄧず鍑?guó)櫩欎竴鐐規(guī)潵;鑰岄€夐」A鍦ㄦ枃绔犱腑鍒欐病鏈夊緱鍒版槑紜殑浣撶幇銆?/p>

銆€銆€4.Compared with the real dissection, the dissection on computer has the following advantages except_____ 4. 鐩稿浜庣湡姝ｇ殑瑙ｅ墫錛岀數(shù)鑴戣В鍓栨湁浠ヤ笅鐨勪紭鐐癸紝浣哶____闄ゅ銆?/p>

銆€銆€[A] It has authentic sound effect like a 鈥渟lish鈥?or 鈥渟hwoosh鈥?. [A] 瀹冨彲浠ユ湁鐪熷疄鐨勫０闊蟲(chóng)晥鏋滐紝濡傚彂鍑衡€滃樁鈥濃€滃棨鈥濈殑澹伴煶

銆€銆€[B] there is a sensation of always dealing with fresh and recognizable organs. [B] 杞歡緇欎漢鐨勬劅瑙夋槸榪欎簺鍔ㄧ墿鍣ㄥ畼閮芥槸鏂伴矞鐨勶紝涓旀槗浜庤鯨璁?/p>

銆€銆€[C] The process can be repeated so that students can gather better insight of the animal structure. [C] 瑙ｅ墫榪囩▼鍙互閲嶅錛屼互渚夸簬瀛︾敓浠兘澶熸洿鍔犳繁鍏ュ湴浜?jiǎn)瑙ｅ姩鐗╃殑缁撴?/p>

銆€銆€[D] Students can take quizzes with the software to evaluate the learning effect. [D] 瀛︾敓鍙互鐢ㄨ蔣浠朵腑鐨勪竴浜涙祴楠屾潵璇勪及浠栦滑鐨勫涔?fàn)鏁堟?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]A

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

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銆€銆€5.The author鈥檚 attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_____ 5. 浣滆€呭浜庤繖縐嶈В鍓栫鎶€鐨勬€佸害鍙互璇存槸_____

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