2012騫磋€冪爺鑻辮闃呰鐞嗚В綺捐綃囷紙鍥涳級(jí)_璺ㄨ€冪綉
銆€銆€TEXT FOUR
銆€銆€The animal dissection requirement of biology classes has been getting under the skin of students for generations, and there have always been some who asked to be excused from the requirement. Now, a growing number of technological alternatives are making it possible for students to swap that scalpel for a computer mouse. There are laws in nearly a dozen states鈥攊ncluding California, Florida, New Jersey, and New York鈥攑rotecting a student's choice to learn about animal anatomy sans scalpel. Some students choosing to opt out feel we should be kinder to our web-footed friends. Others are just queasy at the thought of rubbery frog bodies and the smell of formaldehyde.
銆€銆€"Dissection is icky. There's a yuck factor," admits Brian Shmaefsky, a board member with the National Association of Biology Teachers. "And a teacher has to weigh the benefits with the cost of students being offended to the point that it interferes with learning."
銆€銆€Virtual blades. So for cases in which a real dissection would be too slimy, it's time to try some toad tech. While the first computer-based alternatives to dissection emerged in the 1980s, modern frog dissection software can be found at different websites. These software programs use creative clicking, high-powered zoom functions, and video clips to teach anatomy. Froguts software, for example, lets students trace incision lines with a computer mouse and snip through skin with a virtual blade. There are even sound effects like a "slish" for slicing frog flesh, or a "shwoosh" for pinning down skin flaps. (Schools currently pay about $300 for a one-year software license, though some organizations will lend programs out free of charge.)
銆€銆€Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for "touch") frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh. The hand-held device connects to a computer, and students move the device through the air while watching the results of their actions on a computer screen.
銆€銆€With Digital Frog鈥攁 popular program that's had approximately 1,500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2,000 schools鈥攕tudents can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click. They can then assess their learning with sporadic frog anatomy quizzes.
銆€銆€"Repetition is helpful. The fact that a student can review sections of a program over and over again is important," says Martin Stephens, vice president for animal research issues at the Humane Society of the United States. "In dissections, the animal's organs are all shriveled and discolored. You look for things and can't find them because body parts have changed drastically since the animal was killed. But on a computer screen, layers can be digitally peeled away." Other experts think the dissection technology has its limits. Gerry Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association, says that artificial simulations don't give as enriching an experience as the real thing. Still others worry the programs are depriving kids of experiential learning.
銆€銆€The word 鈥渟wap鈥?(Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____
銆€銆€[A] exchange.
銆€銆€[B] throw away.
銆€銆€[C] reject.
銆€銆€[D] refuse.
銆€銆€2. Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_____
銆€銆€[A] dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells.
銆€銆€[B] they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation.
銆€銆€[C] they are offended when fulfilling the requirements of animal dissection.
銆€銆€[D] they insist that people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects.
銆€銆€3.Brian Shmaefsky鈥檚 statement implies that_____
銆€銆€[A] he indeed supports the students鈥?animal protection movement.
銆€銆€[B] he thinks the animal dissection should be banned.
銆€銆€[C] he thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively.
銆€銆€[D] he always evaluate the teaching effect by weighing reluctant factors of cost and effect.
銆€銆€4.Compared with the real dissection, the dissection on computer has the following advantages except_____
銆€銆€[A] It has authentic sound effect like a 鈥渟lish鈥?or 鈥渟hwoosh鈥?.
銆€銆€[B] there is a sensation of always dealing with fresh and recognizable organs.
銆€銆€[C] The process can be repeated so that students can gather better insight of the animal structure.
銆€銆€[D] Students can take quizzes with the software to evaluate the learning effect.
銆€銆€5.The author鈥檚 attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_____
銆€銆€[A] supportive.
銆€銆€[B] doubtful.
銆€銆€[C] objective.
銆€銆€[D] biased.
銆€銆€鏂囩珷鍓栨瀽錛?/p>
銆€銆€榪欑瘒鏂囩珷浠嬬粛浜?jiǎn)涓€縐嶅彲浠ユ浛浠g敓鐗╄瑙e墫鐨勭數(shù)鑴戠▼搴忋€傜涓€孌佃榪頒紶緇熻В鍓栫殑寮婄錛屽紩鍑?guó)櫑e墫绉戞妧鏇夸唬鍝?絎簩孌墊槸涓€浣嶅鍛樺浼犵粺瑙e墫鐨勭湅娉?絎笁孌佃榪扮數(shù)鑴戣В鍓栫殑鏁堟灉;絎洓孌點(diǎn)€佷簲孌典粙緇嶄簡(jiǎn)涓や釜鐢?shù)鑴戣В鍓柦E嬪簭;絎叚孌佃榪扮數(shù)鑴戣В鍓栫殑浼樼偣鍜屽眬闄愭€с€?/p>
銆€銆€璇嶆眹娉ㄩ噴錛?/p>
銆€銆€dissection n. 瑙e墫 swap v. 浜ゆ崲
銆€銆€scalpel n. 瑙e墫鍒€ queasy adj. 涓嶅畨鐨勶紝鏄撴伓蹇?jī)鐨?/p>
銆€銆€formaldehyde n. 鐢查啗 icky adj.綺樺緱璁ㄥ帉鐨?/p>
銆€銆€yuck n. 璁ㄥ帉 slimy adj. 綺樼硦緋婄殑
銆€銆€toad n. 锜捐湇錛岀櫈铔よ焼 incision n. 鍒囧壊錛屽垏鍙?/p>
銆€銆€haptic adj.瑙﹁鐨?demo n. 紺鴻寖鏍峰搧
銆€銆€amphibious adj. 涓ゆ爾鐨?sporadic adj. 闆舵槦鐨勶紝鏃舵湁鏃舵棤鐨?/p>
銆€銆€shrivel v.(浣?璧風(fēng)毐綰? (浣?鏋悗, (浣?鏉熸墜鏃犵瓥
銆€銆€闅懼彞紿佺牬錛?/p>
銆€銆€(1) Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for "touch") frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh.
銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] A graduate designed the program.
銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽] 榪欐槸涓€涓畝鍗曞彞錛宔arlier this year鏄仛鏁翠釜鍙ュ瓙鐨勭姸璇紝鍚庨潰which 寮曞鐨勮彶闄愬畾鎬у畾璇粠鍙ユ槸鐢ㄦ潵淇グprogram鐨勩€?/p>
銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃] 浠婂勾騫村垵錛屾俯鍝ュ崕瑗胯挋路寮楅浄娉藉ぇ瀛︿竴浣嶇爺絀剁敓璁捐鍑轟簡(jiǎn)絎竴涓猦aptic(甯岃厞璇嶄負(fù)鈥滆Е瑙夆€?闈掕洐瑙e墫紼嬪簭銆傝繖涓▼搴忕敤涓€縐嶇被浼間簬絎旂殑宸ュ叿鍒涢€犲嚭涓€縐嶇浉褰撲簬鍒囧壊鐪熸鐨倝鐨勬劅瑙夈€?/p>
銆€銆€(2) With Digital Frog鈥攁 popular program that's had approximately 1,500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2,000 schools鈥攕tudents can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click.
銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] Students can add or subtract鈥?/p>
銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽] 榪欐槸涓€涓畝鍗曞彞錛屽墠闈ith Digital Frog鏄柟寮忕姸璇紝鐮存姌鍙蜂箣闂寸殑鏄敤鏉ヨВ閲奃igital Frog鐨勶紝鍙互鐪嬩綔鏄悓浣嶈;鐮存姌鍙蜂箣闂寸殑榪欎釜鎴愬垎涓紝that 寮曞鐨勫畾璇粠鍙ヤ慨楗皃rogram錛?榪欎釜浠庡彞鏄敱涓や釜騫跺垪鐨勫彞瀛愭瀯鎴愮殑錛屼互and榪炴帴銆?/p>
銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃] 鈥滅數(shù)瀛愰潚铔欌€濇槸涓€縐嶅緢鍙楁榪庣殑紼嬪簭錛岃嚜涓€鏈堜喚浠ユ潵澶х害鏈?500涓潚铔欑ず鑼冧笅杞斤紝鐜板湪鐢ㄤ簬2000鎵€瀛︽牎銆?/p>
銆€銆€棰樼洰鍒嗘瀽錛?/p>
銆€銆€1. The word 鈥渟wap鈥?(Line 3, Paragraph 1 ) most probably means_____ 1. 鈥渟wap鈥?(絎竴孌電涓夎)鏈€鏈夊彲鑳界殑鎰忔€濇槸_____
銆€銆€[A] exchange. [A] 浜ゆ崲銆?/p>
銆€銆€[B] throw away. [B] 鎶涘純銆?/p>
銆€銆€[C] reject. [C] 涓㈠純銆?/p>
銆€銆€[D] refuse. [D] 鎷掔粷銆?/p>
銆€銆€[絳旀]A
銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅
銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鐚滆瘝棰樸€備笂鏂囨彁鍒幫紝鏈変竴浜涘鐢熻姹備笉鍋氳繖縐嶈В鍓栵紝閭d箞鐜板湪鏈夎澶氱鎶€鏇夸唬鐗╀嬌寰楄繖涓垚涓虹幇瀹烇紝灝辨槸鐢ㄨ綆楁満榧犳爣鏉ユ浛浠hВ鍓栧垁錛屼笅鏂囦篃鎻愬埌浜?jiǎn)鐢ㄧ數(shù)鑴懡E嬪簭鏉ヤ唬鏇跨湡姝g殑鐢ㄨВ鍓栧垁榪涜鐨勫疄楠屻€傚洜姝わ紝姝g‘絳旀涓篈閫夐」銆?/p>
銆€銆€2. Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_____ 2. 涓€浜涘鐢熻姹傚厤浜庣敓鐗╄鐨勮姹傛槸鍥犱負(fù)闄や簡(jiǎn)閫夐」_____澶栦互涓嬬殑鍘熷洜銆?/p>
銆€銆€[A] dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells. [A]瑙e墫鐨勮繃紼嬪緢鎭跺績(jī)涓旀皵鍛抽毦闂匯€?/p>
銆€銆€[B] they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation. [B] 鏈夌浉搴?a target="_blank">娉曞緥鍏佽浠栦滑鎷掔粷淇В鍓栬紼?/p>
銆€銆€[C] they are offended when fulfilling the requirement of animal dissection. [C] 浠栦滑鍦ㄤ笂鍔ㄧ墿瑙e墫璇炬椂鎰熻鍙楀埌鑷繁鍙楀埌浜?jiǎn)鍐掔?/p>
銆€銆€[D] they insist people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects. [D] 浠栦滑鍧氭寔璁や負(fù)浜轟滑瀵瑰緟鍔ㄧ墿搴旇鏇村儚鏈嬪弸鑰屼笉鏄瑙傜墿浣?/p>
銆€銆€[絳旀]B
銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽嗏槅
銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€傛枃绔犵涓€孌墊彁鍒幫紝涓€浜涘鐢熼€夋嫨涓嶅仛鏄洜涓轟粬浠劅鍒板簲鍒板榪欑鍔ㄧ墿鍙嬪ソ浜涳紝鍙﹀鏄洜涓烘兂鍒伴潚铔欑殑韜綋銆侀椈鍒扮敳閱涚殑鍛抽亾灝辨劅鍒版伓蹇?jī)銆傚洜姝わ紝絳旀A銆丏鏄師鍥狅紝絳旀B騫朵笉鏄粬浠笉鎰挎剰鍋氳В鍓栫殑鍘熷洜錛岃€屾槸鍥犱負(fù)浠栦滑涓嶆効鎰忓仛鎵嶆湁浜?jiǎn)鐩稿呄x(chóng)硶寰嬩繚鎶や粬浠殑榪欑鏉冨埄銆傞€夐」C鍖呭惈浜?jiǎn)A鍜孌涓や釜閫夐」銆傚洜姝わ紝絳旀涓築銆?/p>
銆€銆€3.Brian Shmaefsky鈥檚 statement implies that_____ 3. Brian Shmaefsky鐨勮瘽鎰忓懗鐫€_____
銆€銆€[A] he indeed support the students鈥?animal protection movement. [A] 浠栧疄闄呬笂鏀寔瀛︾敓浠殑淇濇姢鍔ㄧ墿榪愬姩銆?/p>
銆€銆€[B] he thinks the animal dissection should be banned. [B] 浠栬涓哄簲褰撶姝㈠姩鐗╄В鍓栥€?/p>
銆€銆€[C] he thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively. [C] 浠栬涓哄姩鐗╄В鍓栦笉涓€瀹氭湁鍒╀簬瀛︾敓鏈夋晥鍦板涔?fàn)鐢熺墿銆?/p>
銆€銆€[D] he always evaluate the teaching effect by weighing relevant factors of cost and effect. [D] 浠栨€繪槸閫氳繃琛¢噺鐩稿叧鐨勬垚鏈強(qiáng)浜у嚭絳夊洜绱犳潵琛¢噺鏁欏鏁堟灉銆?/p>
銆€銆€[絳旀]C
銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>
銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€侭rian Shmaefsky鐨勮瘽鍒嗕負(fù)涓ら儴鍒嗭細(xì)瑙e墫綺樼硦緋婄殑錛屾瘮杈冭鍘?鑰佸笀搴旇琛¢噺涓€涓嬪鐢熷鏋滄劅瑙夊埌鍙楀埌鍐掔姱錛岀敋鑷沖獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅埌浜?jiǎn)瀛︿範(fàn)鏁堟灉閭寰椾笉鍋垮ぷ兒?jiǎn)銆傚墠鍗婂彞涔熸槸涓哄悗闈㈢殑鏈嶅姟錛屽張鏍規(guī)嵁浠栨槸鍥藉鐢熺墿鏁欏笀鍗忎細(xì)鎴愬憳錛岄偅涔堝簲璇ユ槸閽堝瀵瑰鐢熷涔?fàn)锛屼粬瑙夊緱杩櫩U嶈В鍓栨湁鏃朵細(xì)闃葷瀛︾敓瀛︿範(fàn)銆傞€夐」C絎﹀悎棰樻剰銆傞€夐」D騫朵笉鏄粬鎯寵琛ㄨ揪鐨勬剰鎬?閫夐」B浠栧茍娌℃湁琛ㄧず鍑?guó)櫩欎竴鐐規(guī)潵;鑰岄€夐」A鍦ㄦ枃绔犱腑鍒欐病鏈夊緱鍒版槑紜殑浣撶幇銆?/p>
銆€銆€4.Compared with the real dissection, the dissection on computer has the following advantages except_____ 4. 鐩稿浜庣湡姝g殑瑙e墫錛岀數(shù)鑴戣В鍓栨湁浠ヤ笅鐨勪紭鐐癸紝浣哶____闄ゅ銆?/p>
銆€銆€[A] It has authentic sound effect like a 鈥渟lish鈥?or 鈥渟hwoosh鈥?. [A] 瀹冨彲浠ユ湁鐪熷疄鐨勫0闊蟲(chóng)晥鏋滐紝濡傚彂鍑衡€滃樁鈥濃€滃棨鈥濈殑澹伴煶
銆€銆€[B] there is a sensation of always dealing with fresh and recognizable organs. [B] 杞歡緇欎漢鐨勬劅瑙夋槸榪欎簺鍔ㄧ墿鍣ㄥ畼閮芥槸鏂伴矞鐨勶紝涓旀槗浜庤鯨璁?/p>
銆€銆€[C] The process can be repeated so that students can gather better insight of the animal structure. [C] 瑙e墫榪囩▼鍙互閲嶅錛屼互渚夸簬瀛︾敓浠兘澶熸洿鍔犳繁鍏ュ湴浜?jiǎn)瑙e姩鐗╃殑缁撴?/p>
銆€銆€[D] Students can take quizzes with the software to evaluate the learning effect. [D] 瀛︾敓鍙互鐢ㄨ蔣浠朵腑鐨勪竴浜涙祴楠屾潵璇勪及浠栦滑鐨勫涔?fàn)鏁堟?/p>
銆€銆€[絳旀]A
銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>
銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 緇嗚妭棰樸€傞鐩姹傛壘鍑虹數(shù)鑴戣В鍓栫浉瀵逛簬浼犵粺瑙e墫鐨勪紭鐐規(guī)墍鍦紝閫夐」A鏄數(shù)鑴戞ā浠垮疄闄呰В鍓栫殑澹伴煶鏁堟灉錛岃€岃繖縐嶅0闊蟲(chóng)湰韜湪瀹為檯瑙e墫涓篃鏈夊瓨鍦紝鍥犳鍙槸涓€縐嶆懝浠匡紝騫朵笉鏄數(shù)鑴戠殑楂樿秴涔嬪銆侭鍦ㄦ枃绔犵鍏鎻愬埌錛岃鍔ㄧ墿鐨勫櫒瀹橀兘鏄灟钀庣殑銆佹病鏈夐鑹茬殑銆備綘鎯寵鎵懼埌浠€涔堬紝鍙槸鏈€緇堟病鑳芥壘鍒幫紝鍥犱負(fù)鍔ㄧ墿琚潃姝誨悗韜綋閮ㄥ垎鏀瑰彉寰堝ぇ銆備絾鏄湪鐢?shù)鑴戝睆骞曚笂锛岉w綋姣忎竴灞傞兘鍙互鐢?shù)瀛愬紡鍦板墺涓嬫潵銆侰鍦ㄧ鍏涔熸彁鍒頒簡(jiǎn)錛岃鍙互閲嶅錛岃繖鏍峰鐢熷氨鍙互澶嶄範(fàn)銆侱鍦ㄧ浜旀涓彁鍒般€傚洜姝わ紝絳旀涓篈銆?/p>
銆€銆€5.The author鈥檚 attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_____ 5. 浣滆€呭浜庤繖縐嶈В鍓栫鎶€鐨勬€佸害鍙互璇存槸_____
銆€銆€[A] supportive. [A] 鏀寔鐨勩€?/p>
銆€銆€[B] doubtful. [B] 鎬€鐤戠殑銆?/p>
銆€銆€[C] objective. [C] 瀹㈣鐨勩€?/p>
銆€銆€[D] biased. [D] 鏈夊亸瑙佺殑銆?/p>
銆€銆€[絳旀] A
銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽?/p>
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