2012騫磋€冪爺鑻辮闃呰鐞嗚В綺捐綃囷紙涓夛級_璺ㄨ€冪綉

銆€銆€TEXT THREE

銆€銆€In a world where sight and sound seem to reign supreme, all it takes is a cursory glance at the size of the perfume industry to realise that smell matters quite a lot, too. Odours are known to regulate moods, thoughts and even dating decisions, which is why any serious romantic will throw on the eau de toilette before going out for a night on the town. Yet in all these cases, those affected are aware of what they are smelling. Unlike the media of sight and sound, in which subliminal messages have been studied carefully, the potential power of subliminal smells has been neglected.

銆€銆€Wen Li and her colleagues at Northwestern University in Chicago are now changing that. In particular, they are investigating smells so faint that people say they cannot detect them. The idea is to see whether such smells can nevertheless change the way that people behave towards others.

銆€銆€Dr Li's experiment, the results of which have just been published in Psychological Science, employed 31 volunteers. These people were exposed to three different odours at low concentration. One was the fresh lemon scent of citral. The second was the neutral ethereal perfume of anisole. The third was the foul sweaty smell of valeric acid. And the concentrations really were low. In the case of valeric acid, for example, that concentration was seven parts per trillion鈥攁 level only just detectable by bloodhounds. As a control, Dr Li used a mineral oil that has no detectable smell at any concentration.

銆€銆€The participants were asked to sniff a jar containing either one of the three odours or the scentless oil, and then press a button to indicate whether they thought the jar smelled of anything. Immediately after that, a picture of a face would appear on a screen in front of them for just over a second. Each participant was asked to rate the face's 鈥渓ikeability鈥?

銆€銆€Dr Li found that the odours helped shape people's judgments about the faces when their responses indicated that they had not smelled anything. When someone had been exposed to valeric acid, for example, he tended to react negatively to a face. Exposure to citral, by contrast, made that face seem, on average, more friendly. (Obviously, the same face was not shown to any given participant more than once.) Even more intriguing, however, was that when participants did consciously perceive a smell, its effect on face-perception disappeared.

銆€銆€What is going on is unclear. If smells can carry useful information about personality (which is possible), then the effect would be expected to be the same whether or not the chemical in question is detected subliminally. If they do not carry such information, then it is hard to see what use the subliminal reaction is. Nevertheless, it is there.

銆€銆€The findings do, however, demonstrate what might be a powerful method of manipulation. Indeed, Dr Li considers the potential uses to be vast. Business meetings might be made more pleasant by releasing appropriate fragrances into the air in unsmellable amounts. Conversely, fights might be started by putting people in the presence of a faint foul odour. Advertising hoardings might benefit from a little olfactory tweaking and cinema audiences could be reduced to floods of tears at the appropriate moment. The sweet smell of success might, in other words, actually be undetectable.

銆€銆€1. Dr. Li is carrying out such an investigation in order to _____

銆€銆€[A] find out how smells regulate moods in a subtle and nuanced way.

銆€銆€[B] prove that smell plays an equally important role in daily life as that of sight and sound.

銆€銆€[C] find out if people are sensitive to faint smells.

銆€銆€[D] find out if faint smells could influence people鈥檚 judgement of others.

銆€銆€2.The mineral oil is used in Dr. Li鈥檚 experiment to _____

銆€銆€[A] control the concentration of odours in a slightly detectable degree.

銆€銆€[B] act as a group of comparison with that of the other smells.

銆€銆€[C] regulate the participants鈥?moods by decreasing the smell鈥檚 concentration.

銆€銆€[D] protect the participants from losing sense of smell.

銆€銆€3. The word 鈥渓ikeability鈥?(Line 4, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____

銆€銆€[A] similarity.

銆€銆€[B] likeness.

銆€銆€[C] loveliness.

銆€銆€[D] likelihood.

銆€銆€4. When the participants conciously smelt the valeric acid, they tended to_____

銆€銆€[A] make negative judgement to a face.

銆€銆€[B] make positive judgement to a face.

銆€銆€[C] make biased judgement to a face.

銆€銆€[D] make fair judgement to a face.

銆€銆€5. From Dr. Li鈥檚 experiment, it can be infered that_____

銆€銆€[A] one鈥檚 reaction to subliminal smells reflect useful information about his or her personality.

銆€銆€[B] subliminal smells can influence people鈥檚 interaction with each other.

銆€銆€[C] subliminal smells have no effect on people鈥檚 conscious face-perception.

銆€銆€[D] subliminal smells turn out to be a means of powerful manipulation in terms of business success.

銆€銆€鏂囩珷鍓栨瀽錛?/p>

銆€銆€榪欑瘒鏂囩珷浠嬬粛浜嗙粏寰皵鍛沖浜轟滑鐨勫獎鍝嶃€傛枃绔犵涓€孌佃榪拌櫧鐒舵皵鍛沖湪浜轟滑鐢熸椿涓崰鏈夐噸瑕佸湴浣嶏紝浣嗘槸緇嗗井姘斿懗鐨勬綔鍦ㄥ姏閲忓嵈涓轟漢鎵€蹇借;絎簩孌佃榪版潕鍗氬＋姝ｅ湪榪涜鐮旂┒緇嗗井姘斿懗鐨勮瘯楠?絎笁銆佸洓銆佷簲孌佃榪頒簡鏉庡崥澹瘯楠岀殑鍏蜂綋鎯呭喌;絎叚孌佃榪拌繕鏈夊緟鐮旂┒鐨勯棶棰?絎竷孌佃榪拌繖涓彂鐜扮殑鎰忎箟鍜屼綔鐢ㄣ€?/p>

銆€銆€璇嶆眹娉ㄩ噴錛?/p>

銆€銆€cursory adj. 綺楃暐鐨? 鑽夌巼鐨?subliminal adj. 娼滃湪鎰忚瘑鐨勶紝寰皬鐨?/p>

銆€銆€citral n. [鍖朷鏌犳閱?ethereal adj.杞葷殑, 澶╀笂鐨? 璞＄┖姘旂殑

銆€銆€valeric acid n. 緙崏閰? 鎴婇吀 bloodhound n. 璀︾姮

銆€銆€hoarding銆€n.鎷涜創(chuàng)鏉匡紝騫垮憡鐗?olfactory adj. 鍡呰鐨?/p>

銆€銆€tweak v. 璋冭妭錛屾嫥

銆€銆€闅懼彞紿佺牬錛?/p>

銆€銆€Odours are known to regulate moods, thoughts and even dating decisions, which is why any serious romantic will throw on the eau de toilette before going out for a night on the town.

銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] Odours are known to 鈥?/p>

銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽]榪欐槸涓€涓畝鍗曞彞錛寃hich 寮曞鐨勯潪闄愬畾鎬у畾璇粠鍙ユ槸鐢ㄦ潵淇槸鍓嶉潰鐨勬暣涓彞瀛愮殑銆?/p>

銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃]澶у鐭ラ亾錛屾皵鍛沖彲浠ヨ皟鑺備漢鐨勬儏緇€佹兂娉曪紝鐢氳嚦鏄害浼氬喅瀹氾紝榪欎篃灝辨槸涓轟粈涔堜漢浠櫄涓婂湪鍩庨噷璧寸害鏃舵€昏鍠蜂笂鐐歸姘淬€?/p>

銆€銆€If smells can carry useful information about personality (which is possible), then the effect would be expected to be the same whether or not the chemical in question is detected subliminally.

銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] If鈥?then鈥?/p>

銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽]榪欐槸涓€涓甫鏈夋潯浠剁姸璇粠鍙ョ殑澶嶆潅鍙ワ紝鍦ㄥ悗闈㈠垎鍙ヤ腑錛屾湁涓€涓潯浠剁姸璇粠鍙ャ€?/p>

銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃]濡傛灉姘斿懗甯︽湁涓€т俊鎭?榪欐槸鏈夊彲鑳界殑)錛岄偅涔堜笉綆¤繖縐嶅寲瀛︽槸鍚﹀彲浠ヨ娼滄剰璇嗘劅瑙夊埌錛屽叾鍙嶅簲搴斿綋鏄竴鏍風(fēng)殑銆?/p>

銆€銆€棰樼洰鍒嗘瀽錛?/p>

銆€銆€1. Dr. Li is carrying out such an investigation in order to _____ 1. 鏉庡崥澹繘琛岃繖欏硅瘯楠屾槸涓轟簡_____

銆€銆€[A] find out how smells regulate moods in a subtle and nuanced way. [A] 鎺㈢儲姘斿懗鏄浣曚互涓€縐嶇粏灝忓井濡欑殑鏂瑰紡璋冭妭浜虹殑鎯呯華鐨勩€?/p>

銆€銆€[B] prove that smell plays an equally important role in daily life as that of sight and sound. [B]璇佹槑姘斿懗鍦ㄤ漢鐨勭敓媧諱腑涓庝漢浠殑瑙嗚銆佸惉瑙変竴鏍瘋搗鍒頒簡閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€?/p>

銆€銆€[C] find out if people are sensitive to faint smells. [C] 鎺㈢儲浜轟滑鏄惁瀵瑰井寮辯殑姘斿懗鏁忔劅銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] find out if faint smells could influence people鈥檚 judgement of others. [D]鎺㈢儲寰急鐨勬皵鍛蟲槸鍚﹀彲浠ュ獎鍝嶄漢浠浠栦漢鐨勫垽鏂€?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]D

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€傛枃绔犱粙緇嶄簡鏉庡崥澹殑瀹為獙錛屽彲浠ョ湅鍑猴紝璇ュ疄楠岀殑瀵硅薄鏄井寮辯殑銆佷漢浠潬鍡呰闂諱笉鍒扮殑姘斿懗銆備富瑕佺爺絀惰繖縐嶆皵鍛寵兘鍚﹀獎鍝嶄漢浠浜庝粬浜虹殑琛屼負錛屼粠璇曢獙璇︾粏鎻忚堪鏉ョ湅錛屼富瑕佹槸浜轟滑瀵逛簬浠栦漢鐨勫嵃璞″拰鍒ゆ柇銆傚叾涓枃绔犵殑絎竴孌靛拰絎簩孌靛垎鍒皥鍒扳€滃拰瑙嗚鍜屽０闊沖獟浠嬩笉鍚岀殑鏄紝瀹冧滑鍏朵腑寰皬鐨勮鎭凡緇忚浠旂粏鐮旂┒榪囦簡錛岃€岀粏寰殑姘斿懗娼滃湪鐨勫姏閲忓嵈琚漢浠拷鐣ヤ簡鈥濄€佲€滅壒鍒殑鏄紝浠栦滑鐜板湪鐮旂┒鐨勬皵鍛抽潪甯稿井寮憋紝浜轟滑閮借浠栦滑鎰熻涓嶅埌榪欎簺姘斿懗銆備粬浠兂鐪嬬湅榪欎簺姘斿懗鏄笉鏄篃鍙互褰卞搷浜轟滑瀵逛粬浜虹殑琛屼負鈥濈瓑閮借鏄庝簡鎵€鏈夌瓟妗堜腑D鏈€涓哄惢鍚堟枃绔犵殑鎰忔€濄€?/p>

銆€銆€2.The mineral oil is used in Dr. Li鈥檚 experiment to _____ 2. 鏉庡崥澹殑瀹為獙涓熆鐗╂補鏄敤鏉____

銆€銆€[A] control the concentration of odours in a slightly detectable degree. [A] 鍦ㄤ竴涓熀鏈笂寰堥毦瀵熻鐨勭▼搴︿笂鎺у埗姘斿懗鐨勬祿搴︺€?/p>

銆€銆€[B] act as a group of comparison with that of the other smells. [B] 浣滀負鍜屽叾浠栨皵鍛蟲瘮杈冪殑涓€涓鐓х粍銆?/p>

銆€銆€[C] regulate the participants鈥?moods by decreasing the smell鈥檚 concentration. [C] 閫氳繃闄嶄綆姘斿懗鐨勬祿搴︽潵璋冭妭璇曢獙鍙備笌鑰呯殑鎯呯華銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] protect the participants from losing sense of smell. [D] 淇濊瘉璇曢獙鍙備笌鑰呬笉浼氫撫澶卞梾瑙夈€?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀] B

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€傛枃绔犵涓夋鎸囧嚭錛屾潕鍗氬＋鍦ㄥ疄楠屼腑鐢ㄤ竴縐嶅畬鍏ㄦ病鏈夋皵鍛崇殑鐭跨墿娌逛綔涓篶ontrol錛?榪欓噷control鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鍦ㄥ鐓у疄楠屼腑琚敤浣滃鐓ф爣鍑嗙殑涓€涓垨涓€緇勭墿浣撱€備笉榪囪繖涓剰鎬濇瘮杈冪敓鍍伙紝鑰冪敓鍙兘涓嶇煡閬撱€傞偅涔堝彲浠ユ牴鎹疄楠屼腑瀹冪殑浣滅敤鎺ㄦ柇鍑烘潵錛屽畠鏄粷瀵規(guī)棤鍛崇殑錛屽彲浠ュ拰鍏朵粬鐨勬皵鍛崇殑瀹為獙緇撴灉瀵圭収銆傚鏋滆€冪敓鎷ユ湁瓚沖鐨勫父璇嗭紝涔熶細鐭ラ亾鍦ㄤ竴鑸殑縐戝瀹為獙涓紝涓轟簡淇濊瘉璇曢獙緇撴灉鐨勬湁鏁堟€э紝閫氬父闇€瑕佽緗竴涓鐓х粍銆傞偅涔堬紝閫夐」B鏈€涓虹鍚堥鎰忋€?/p>

銆€銆€3. The word 鈥渓ikeability鈥?(Line 4, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____ 3. 鈥渓ikeability鈥?(絎洓孌電鍥涜)鎰忔€濇渶鍙兘鎸嘷____

銆€銆€[A] similarity. [A] 綾諱技鎬с€?/p>

銆€銆€[B] likeness. [B] 鐩鎬技鎬с€?/p>

銆€銆€[C] loveliness. [C] 鍙埍銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] likelihood. [D] 鐩鎬技鎬э紝鍙兘鎬с€?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀] C

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鐚滆瘝棰樸€傛牴鎹笂涓嬫枃鏉ュ垽鏂璇嶇殑鎰忔€濓紝璇曢獙瑕佹眰鍙備笌鑰呯粰鐪嬪埌鐨勮劯鍋氫竴涓垽瀹氾紝鍒ゅ畾鐨勫唴瀹瑰彲浠ユ牴鎹疄楠岀粨鏋滅湅鍑烘潵錛屾槸璁╁弬涓庤€呭垽鏂墍鐪嬪埌鐨勮劯鏄惁鈥滃彲浜測€濓紝鍥犳錛屽彲浠ユ柇瀹氳繖涓瘝鐨勬剰鎬濇槸C銆?/p>

銆€銆€4. When the participants conciously smelt the valeric acid, they tended to_____ 4.褰撳弬涓庤€呮剰璇嗗埌鑷繁闂誨埌浜嗛鑽夐吀鏃訛紝浠栦滑

銆€銆€瓚嬪悜浜巁___

銆€銆€[A] make negative judgement to a face. [A] 瀵圭湅鍒扮殑鑴哥粰浠ュ惁瀹氱殑鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

銆€銆€[B] make positive judgement to a face. [B] 瀵圭湅鍒扮殑鑴哥粰浠ヨ偗瀹氱殑鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

銆€銆€[C] make biased judgement to a face. [C] 瀵圭湅鍒扮殑鑴哥粰浠ュ亸棰囩殑鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] make fair judgement to a face. [D] 瀵圭湅鍒扮殑鑴哥粰浠ュ叕騫崇殑鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]D

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽]鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€傜浜旀鎻愬埌寰堣浜鴻垂瑙ｇ殑鏄紝褰撳弬涓庤€呮剰璇嗗埌鑷繁闂誨埌浜嗕竴縐嶆皵鍛籌紝閭ｄ箞瀵硅劯鐨勫垽鏂殑褰卞搷灝辨秷澶變簡銆傚疄楠屼腑鍙備笌鑰呭湪娌℃湁鎰忚瘑鍦伴椈鍒拌繖縐嶈崏閰稿懗鏃訛紝浠栦細瀵硅劯鏈変竴縐嶅惁瀹氱殑鍒ゆ柇錛屼絾鏄綋浠栨剰璇嗗埌鑷繁闂誨埌鏃訛紝榪欑褰卞搷灝辨病鏈変簡銆傞偅涔堝彲浠ユ帹鏂紝浠栧鑴哥殑鍒ゆ柇灝辨瘮杈冨叕鍏佷簡錛岄€夐」D鏈€涓虹鍚堛€?/p>

銆€銆€5. From Dr. Li鈥檚 experiment, it can be infered that_____ 5. 鐢辨潕鍗氬＋鐨勫疄楠屽彲浠ユ帹鏂嚭_____

銆€銆€[A] one鈥檚 reaction to subliminal smells reflect useful information about his or her personality. [A]涓€涓漢瀵圭粏寰殑姘斿懗鐨勫弽搴旀樉紺轟簡鏈夊叧浜庡叾涓€х殑鏈夌敤鐨勪俊鎭€?/p>

銆€銆€[B] subliminal smells can influence people鈥檚 interaction with each other. [B] 緇嗗井鐨勬皵鍛沖彲浠ュ獎鍝嶄漢浠笌浠栦漢鐨勪氦寰€銆?/p>

銆€銆€[C] subliminal smells have no effect on people鈥檚 conscious face-perception. [C] 緇嗗井鐨勬皵鍛充笉鑳藉獎鍝嶄漢浠湁鎰忚瘑鍦板鑴哥殑鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] subliminal smells turn out to be a means of powerful manipulation in terms of business success. [D] 緇嗗井鐨勬皵鍛沖湪鍟嗕笟鎴愬姛鐨勬剰涔変笂鏉ヨ鏄竴縐嶉潪甯告湁鍒╃殑鎺у埗鎵嬫銆?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]B

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽嗏槅

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