2016騫磋€冪爺瑗挎柟緇忔祹瀛﹀繀鐭ヨ瘝姹囷紙1錛塤璺ㄨ€冪綉

銆€銆€1銆佺粷瀵逛紭鍔?Absoluteadvantage)

銆€銆€濡傛灉涓€涓浗瀹剁敤涓€鍗曚綅璧勬簮鐢熶駭鐨勬煇縐嶄駭鍝佹瘮鍙︿竴涓浗瀹跺錛岄偅涔堬紝榪欎釜鍥藉鍦ㄨ繖縐嶄駭鍝佺殑鐢熶駭涓婁笌鍙︿竴鍥界浉姣斿氨鍏鋒湁緇濆浼樺娍銆?

銆€銆€2銆侀€嗗悜閫夋嫨(Adversechoice)

銆€銆€鍦ㄦ鐘跺喌涓嬶紝淇濋櫓鍏徃鍙戠幇瀹冧滑鐨勫鎴蜂腑鏈夊お澶х殑涓€閮ㄥ垎鏉ヨ嚜楂橀闄╃兢浣撱€?

銆€銆€3銆侀€夋嫨鎴愭湰(Alternativecost)

銆€銆€濡傛灉浠ユ渶濂界殑鍙︿竴縐嶆柟寮忎嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏌愮璧勬簮錛屽畠鎵€鑳界敓浜х殑浠峰€煎氨鏄€夋嫨鎴愭湰錛屼篃鍙互縐頒箣涓烘満浼?xì)鎴愭湰銆?

銆€銆€4銆侀渶姹傜殑寮у脊鎬?Arcelasticityofdemand)

銆€銆€濡傛灉P1鍜孮1鍒嗗埆鏄環(huán)鏍煎拰闇€姹傞噺鐨勫垵濮嬪€鹼紝P2鍜孮2涓虹浜岀粍鍊鹼紝閭ｄ箞錛屽姬寮規(guī)€у氨絳変簬

銆€銆€-(Q1-Q2)(P1+P2)/(P1-P2)(Q1+Q2)

銆€銆€5銆侀潪瀵圭О鐨勪俊鎭?Asymmetricinformation)

銆€銆€鍦ㄦ煇浜涘競(jìng)鍦轟腑錛屾瘡涓弬涓庤€呮嫢鏈夌殑淇℃伅騫朵笉鐩稿悓銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄦ棫杞﹀競(jìng)鍦轟笂錛屾湁鍏蟲棫杞﹁川閲忕殑淇℃伅錛屽崠鑰呴€氬父瑕佹瘮娼滃湪鐨勪拱鑰呯煡閬撳緱澶氥€?

銆€銆€6銆佸鉤鍧囨垚鏈?Averagecost)

銆€銆€騫沖潎鎴愭湰鏄€繪垚鏈櫎浠ヤ駭閲忋€備篃縐頒負(fù)騫沖潎鎬繪垚鏈€?

銆€銆€7銆佸鉤鍧囧浐瀹氭垚鏈?Averagefixedcost)

銆€銆€騫沖潎鍥哄畾鎴愭湰鏄€誨浐瀹氭垚鏈櫎浠ヤ駭閲忋€?

銆€銆€8銆佸鉤鍧囦駭鍝?Averageproduct)

銆€銆€騫沖潎浜у搧鏄€諱駭閲忛櫎浠ユ姇鍏ュ搧鐨勬暟閲忋€?

銆€銆€9銆佸鉤鍧囧彲鍙樻垚鏈?Averagevariablecost)

銆€銆€騫沖潎鍙彉鎴愭湰鏄€誨彲鍙樻垚鏈櫎浠ヤ駭閲忋€?

銆€銆€10銆佹姇璧勭殑尾(Beta)

銆€銆€尾搴﹂噺鐨勬槸涓庢姇璧勭浉鑱旂殑涓嶅彲鍒嗘暎鐨勯闄┿€傚浜庝竴縐嶈偂紲ㄨ€岃█錛屽畠琛ㄧず鎵€鏈夌幇琛岃偂紲ㄧ殑鏀剁泭鍙戠敓鍙樺寲鏃訛紝涓€縐嶈偂紲ㄧ殑鏀剁泭浼?xì)濡備綍鏁忔劅鍦板彉鍖栥€?

銆€銆€11銆佸€哄埜鏀剁泭(Bondyield)

銆€銆€鍊哄埜鏀剁泭鏄€哄埜鎵€鑾峰緱鐨勫埄鐜囥€?

銆€銆€12銆佹敹鏀鉤琛″浘(Break-evenchart)

銆€銆€鏀舵敮騫寵　鍥捐〃紺轟竴縐嶄駭鍝佹墍鍑哄敭鐨勬€繪暟閲忔敼鍙樻椂鎬繪敹鐩婂拰鎬繪垚鏈槸濡備綍鍙樺寲鐨勩€傛敹鏀鉤琛＄偣鏄負(fù)閬垮厤鎹熷け鑰屽繀欏誨崠鍑虹殑鏈€灝忔暟閲忋€?

銆€銆€13銆侀綆楃嚎(Budgetline)

銆€銆€棰勭畻綰胯〃紺烘秷璐硅€呮墍鑳借喘涔扮殑鍟嗗搧X鍜屽晢鍝乊鐨勬暟閲忕殑鍏ㄩ儴緇勫悎銆傚畠鐨勬枩鐜囩瓑浜庡晢鍝乆鐨勪環(huán)鏍奸櫎浠ュ晢鍝乊鐨勪環(huán)鏍煎啀涔樹(shù)互涓€1銆?

銆€銆€14銆佹崋緇戦攢鍞?Bundling)

銆€銆€鎹嗙粦閿€鍞寚榪欐牱涓€縐嶅競(jìng)鍦鴻惀閿€鎵嬫錛屽嚭鍞袱縐嶄駭鍝佺殑鍘傚晢錛岃姹傝喘涔板叾涓竴縐嶄駭鍝佺殑瀹㈡埛錛屼篃瑕佽喘涔板彟涓€縐嶄駭鍝併€?

銆€銆€15銆佽祫鏈?Capital)

銆€銆€璧勬湰鏄寚鐢ㄤ簬鐢熶駭銆侀攢鍞強(qiáng)鍟嗗搧鍜屾湇鍔″垎閰嶇殑璁懼銆佸巶鎴褲€佸瓨璐с€佸師鏉愭枡鍜屽叾浠栭潪浜哄姏鐢熶駭璧勬簮銆?

銆€銆€16銆佽祫鏈敹鐩?Capitalgain)

銆€銆€璧勬湰鏀剁泭鏄寚浜轟滑鍗栧嚭鑲＄エ(鎴栧叾浠栬祫浜?鏃舵墍鑾峰緱鐨勮秴榪囧師鏉ヤ負(fù)瀹冩敮浠樼殑閭ｄ竴閮ㄥ垎銆?

銆€銆€17銆佽祫鏈富涔?Capitalism)

銆€銆€璧勬湰涓諱箟鏄竴縐嶅競(jìng)鍦轟綋緋伙紝瀹冧緷璧栦環(huán)鏍間綋緋誨幓瑙ｅ喅鍩烘湰鐨勭粡嫻庨棶棰橈細(xì)鐢熶駭浠€涔?濡備綍鐢熶駭?鎬庢牱鍒嗛厤?緇忔祹澧為暱鐜囧簲涓哄灝?

銆€銆€18銆佸熀鏁版晥鐢?Cardinalutility)

銆€銆€鍩烘暟鏁堢敤鏄寚鍍忎釜浜虹殑浣撻噸鎴栬韓楂橀偅鏍峰湪鍩烘暟鐨勬剰涔変笂鍙互搴﹂噺鐨勬晥鐢?瀹冩剰鍛崇潃鏁堢敤涔嬮棿鐨勫樊鍒紝鍗寵竟闄呮晥鐢紝鏄湁鎰忎箟鐨?銆傚簭鏁版晥鐢ㄤ笌瀹冪浉鍙嶏紝瀹冨彧鍦ㄥ簭鏁扮殑灞傞潰涓婃墠鏈夋剰涔夈€?

銆€銆€19銆佸崱鐗瑰皵(Cartel)

銆€銆€鍗＄壒灝?dāng)鏄寚鍘傚晢涔嬮棿湄?fù)浜?jiǎn)鍚堣皨鑰岀璁㈠叕寮€鍜屾寮忓崗璁繖鏍蜂竴縐嶅競(jìng)鍦虹粨鏋勫艦鎬併€?

銆€銆€20銆佺甯冧竴閬撴牸鎷夋柉鐢熶駭鍑芥暟(Cobb-Douglasproductionfunction)

銆€銆€縐戝竷涓€閬撴牸鎷夋柉鐢熶駭鍑芥暟鏄寚榪欐牱鐨勭敓浜у嚱鏁癚=AL鈥淚K鈥?Mi3銆傚紡涓紝Q涓轟駭閲?L涓哄姵鍔ㄧ殑鏁伴噺;K涓鴻祫鏈殑鏁伴噺;M涓哄師鏉愭枡鐨勬暟閲?A錛?1錛?2錛?3鍧囦負(fù)甯告暟銆?

銆€銆€21銆佸嬀緇?Collision)

銆€銆€鍕劇粨鏄寚涓€涓巶鍟嗗拰鍚屼笟鍐呭叾浠栫殑鍘傚晢絳捐鏈夊叧浠鋒牸銆佷駭閲忓拰鍏朵粬浜嬪疁鐨勫崗璁€?

銆€銆€22銆佹瘮杈冧紭鍔?Comparativeadvantage)

銆€銆€濡傛灉涓庣敓浜у叾浠栧晢鍝佺殑鎴愭湰鐩告瘮錛屼竴涓浗瀹剁敓浜х殑鏌愮浜у搧鐨勬垚鏈瘮鍙︿竴涓浗瀹朵綆錛岄偅涔堬紝璇ュ浗灝卞湪榪欑鍟嗗搧鐨勭敓浜т笂涓庡彟涓€涓浗瀹剁浉姣斿叿鏈夋瘮杈冧紭鍔褲€?

銆€銆€23銆佷簰琛ュ搧(Complements)

銆€銆€濡傛灉X鍜孻鏄簰琛ュ搧錛孹鐨勯渶姹傞噺灝變笌Y鐨勪環(huán)鏍兼垚鍙嶅悜鍙樺寲銆?

銆€銆€24銆佹垚鏈笉鍙樿涓?Constant-costindustry)

銆€銆€鎴愭湰涓嶅彉鐨勮涓氭槸鎸囧叿鏈夋按騫崇殑闀挎湡渚涚粰鏇茬嚎鐨勮涓氾紝瀹冪殑鎵╁ぇ騫朵笉浼?xì)寮曡典h姇鍏ュ搧浠鋒牸鐨勪笂鍗囨垨涓嬮檷銆?

銆€銆€25銆佽妯℃敹鐩婁笉鍙?Constantreturnstoscale)

銆€銆€濡傛灉鎵€鏈夋姇鍏ュ搧鐨勬暟閲忛兘浠ョ浉鍚岀殑鐧懼垎鏁板鍔狅紝騫跺鑷翠駭閲忎篃浠ョ浉鍚岀殑鐧懼垎鏁板鍔狅紝灝辨槸瑙勬ā鏀剁泭涓嶅彉鐨勩€?

銆€銆€26銆佹秷璐硅€呭墿浣?Consumersurplus)

銆€銆€娑堣垂鑰呭墿浣欐槸鎸囨秷璐硅€呮効鎰忎負(fù)鏌愮鍟嗗搧鎴栨湇鍔℃墍鏀粯鐨勬渶澶ф暟閲忎笌浠栧疄闄呮敮浠樼殑鏁伴噺涔嬪樊銆?

銆€銆€27銆佸彲绔炰簤甯?jìng)鍦?Contestablemarket)

銆€銆€鍙珵浜夊競(jìng)鍦烘槸鎸囬?？U嶈繘鍏ュ畬鍏ㄨ嚜鐢變互鍙?qiáng)閫€鍑烘病鏈夋垚鏈殑甯?jìng)鍦恒€傚彲绔炰簤甯?jìng)鍦虹殑鏈川鍦ㄤ簬瀹冧滑寰堝?guī)槗鍙楀埌鎵撲簡(jiǎn)灝辮窇鐨勮繘鍏ヨ€呯殑浼ゅ銆?

銆€銆€28銆佸綰︽洸綰?Contractcurve)

銆€銆€濂戠害鏇茬嚎鏄?鍦ㄦ秷璐硅€呬箣闂磋繘琛屼氦鎹㈡椂)涓や釜娑堣垂鑰呯殑杈歸檯鏇夸唬鐜囩浉絳夌殑鐐圭殑杞ㄨ抗錛屾垨鑰?鍦ㄧ敓浜ц€呬箣闂磋繘琛屼氦鎹㈡椂)涓や釜鐢熶駭鑰呯殑杈歸檯鎶€鏈浛浠ｇ巼鐩哥瓑鐨勭偣鐨勮建榪廣€?

銆€銆€29銆佽鐐硅В(Cornersolution)

銆€銆€瑙掔偣瑙ｆ槸鎸囪繖鏍蜂竴縐嶆儏褰紝棰勭畻綰垮湪浣嶄簬鍧愭爣杞翠笂鐨勭偣澶勮揪鍒版渶楂樼殑鍙幏寰楃殑鏃犲樊寮傛洸綰褲€?鍦ㄧ敓浜ц€呯悊璁轟腑涔熶細(xì)鍙戠敓綾諱技鐨勬儏鍐點(diǎn)€?

銆€銆€30銆侀渶姹傜殑浜ゅ弶寮規(guī)€?Crosselasticityofdemand)

銆€銆€闇€姹傜殑浜ゅ弶寮規(guī)€ф槸鎸囧晢鍝乊鐨勪環(huán)鏍煎彂鐢?%鐨勫彉鍖栨椂鎵€寮曡搗鐨勫晢鍝乆鐨勯渶姹傞噺鍙樺寲鐨勭櫨鍒嗘瘮銆?

銆€銆€2016騫磋€冪爺瑗挎柟緇忔祹瀛﹀繀鐭ヨ瘝姹囨眹鎬?/a>