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銆€銆€TEXT TWO

銆€銆€A line of water bottles that had become a symbol of environmental responsibility has been removed from the shelves of Canada's leading outdoor gear retailer over concerns about a chemical used in its manufacture.

銆€銆€The Mountain Equipment Co-op, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, removed the bottles, sold under the brand name Nalgene, and other polycarbonate containers from its 11 large-scale stores on Wednesday. The retailer said that it would not restock the bottles, which are made by Nalge Nunc International in Rochester, a unit of Thermo Fisher Scientific, until Health Canada completed a review of bisphenol-a, or B.P.A., a chemical used to make hard, transparent plastics as well as liners for food cans. ''We've been following the B.P.A. issue for at least three years,'' said Tim Southam, a spokesman for Mountain Equipment. ''The decision we've taken this week does not mean that polycarbonate products will never return to our stores. We're just seeking some certainty about this chemical.''

銆€銆€Church and environmental groups in Canada have mounted campaigns against bottled water because of concerns about the huge amount of plastic used in containers. As a result, the reusable Nalgene bottles have become ubiquitous on college campuses and elsewhere.

銆€銆€Polycarbonate plastic, which can only be produced by using B.P.A., creates bottles that are transparent and almost as hard as glass, but particularly shatter-resistant. Recently, however, the use of B.P.A.-based plastics in food containers has been questioned in Canada by Environmental Defence , a Toronto-based group. Environmentalists in the United States are also raising concerns about the chemical. Last year, San Francisco's board of governors passed a local law banning the use of the chemical in children's products. B.P.A. was removed from the ordinance before it went into effect, however, after an industry lawsuit. Critics point to studies dating back to 1936 showing that the chemical can disrupt the hormonal system.

銆€銆€While there is little dispute about that, the plastics industry, supported by several studies from government agencies in Japan, North America and Europe, contends that polycarbonate bottles contain very little of the chemical and release only insignificant amounts of B.P.A. into the bodies of users. ''Rarely has a chemical been the subject of such intense scientific testing and scrutiny, and still, important agencies across the globe agree that there is no danger posed to humans from polycarbonate bottles,'' Tom Cummins, the director of research and development at Nalge Nunc, said in a statement.

銆€銆€Rick Smith, the executive director of Environmental Defence, said that a paper published by 38 scientists after a government-sponsored conference in the United States found that the lack of research on the effects of B.P.A. on humans was a concern that required further investigation. Steven G. Hentges, the executive director of the American Chemistry Council's polycarbonate group, takes issue with that report's worries and points to a separate expert panel report published by the United States Department of Health and Human Services last month. In its 396-page report, which looked only at the impact of B.P.A. on reproduction, the panel said it had ''negligible concern'' about the chemical's effect on adult reproductive systems but raised some concerns about its impact on children and pregnant women.

銆€銆€1. The word 鈥渦biquitous鈥?(Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____

銆€銆€[A] omnipresent.

銆€銆€[B] popular.

銆€銆€[C] common.

銆€銆€[D] usual.

銆€銆€2.Which one of the following statements is TURE of the local law passed by San Francisco's board of governors?

銆€銆€[A] This law forbade the use of B.P.A. in food containers for children.

銆€銆€[B] This law was not enforced because of an industry lawsuit that was against the use of B.P.A.

銆€銆€[C] This law was revised to allow B.P.A. be used in children鈥檚 products.

銆€銆€[D] This law went into effect before B.P.A. was removed.

銆€銆€3. According to Tom Cummins, which one of the following is NOT true of B.P.A.?

銆€銆€[A] B.P.A. is rarely tested and scrutinized so intensely.

銆€銆€[B] The testing and scrutiny done to the other chemical are no comparison with that to B.P.A.

銆€銆€[C] That Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. are not dangerous to humans is supported by multiple evidence.

銆€銆€[D] Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. can be used safely by humans.

銆€銆€4.From the separate expert panel report it can be inferred that

銆€銆€[A] B.S.A. has no effect on reproduction.

銆€銆€[B] B.S.A. has trifling impact on children and pregnant women.

銆€銆€[C] B.S.A. has trifling impact on adult reproductive systems.

銆€銆€[D] B.S.A. has great effect on reproduction.

銆€銆€5. The author鈥檚 attitude to the use of Nalgene bottles is _____

銆€銆€[A] negative.

銆€銆€[B] positive.

銆€銆€[C] biased.

銆€銆€[D] unclear.

銆€銆€鏂囩珷鍓栨瀽錛?/p>

銆€銆€榪欑瘒鏂囩珷浠嬬粛浜嗚仛紕抽吀閰摱琚挙浜嬩歡鍙婄浉鍏沖師鍥犮€傜涓€孌點€佺浜屾浠嬬粛浜嗚仛紕抽吀閰摱琚晢瀹舵挙鏌滅殑鎯呭喌;絎笁孌佃榪拌鐡跺瓙鍏寸洓璧鋒潵鐨勫師鍥?絎洓孌佃榪頒漢浠鍒墮€犺繖縐嶇摱瀛愮殑鍖栧鐗╄川B.P.A鐨勪竴浜涙媴蹇?絎簲孌點€佺鍏鍒嗗埆鍒楀嚭涓€浜涜涓鴻繖縐嶇摱瀛愬浜虹被娌℃湁鍗卞鐨勭爺絀跺拰璇勮銆?/p>

銆€銆€璇嶆眹娉ㄩ噴錛?/p>

銆€銆€polycarbonate n.鑱氱⒊閰擱叝 ubiquitous adj.鍒板瀛樺湪鐨?/p>

銆€銆€shatter-resistant adj. 闃叉憯鐨?disrupt v.浣跨摝瑙? 鐮村潖

銆€銆€闅懼彞紿佺牬錛?/p>

銆€銆€(1) The retailer said that it would not restock the bottles, which are made by Nalge Nunc International in Rochester, a unit of Thermo Fisher Scientific, until Health Canada completed a review of bisphenol-a, or B.P.A., a chemical used to make hard, transparent plastics as well as liners for food cans.

銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] The retailer said that it would not 鈥ntil鈥?/p>

銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽] 榪欐槸涓€涓畝鍗曞彞錛屽璇粠鍙ユ瘮杈冨鏉傘€傝瀹捐浠庡彞涓哄甫鏈夋椂闂寸姸璇粠鍙ョ殑澶嶆潅鍙?璇ヤ粠鍙ヤ腑錛屽璇璪ottles鍚庢湁涓€涓互which寮曞鐨勯潪闄愬畾鎬у畾璇粠鍙ワ紝鍦ㄨ瀹氳浠庡彞涓紝a unit鈥︽槸鍓嶉潰Nalge Nunc International鐨勫悓浣嶈;鍦ㄦ椂闂寸姸璇粠鍙ヤ腑錛宎 chemical used 鈥︽槸鍓嶉潰B.P.A鐨勫悓浣嶈銆?/p>

銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃] 璇ラ浂鍞晢縐頒笉浼氬啀閲嶆柊榪涜繖浜涚摱瀛愶紝鐩村埌鈥滃仴搴峰姞鎷垮ぇ鈥濆畬鎴愪簡鍙岄厷a(鍗矪.P.A.)鐨勮皟鏌ュ悗鍐嶄簣浠ヨ€冭檻銆傝繖浜涚摱瀛愮殑鍒墮€犲晢涓嬪睘浜嶵hermo Fisher Scientific浣嶄簬緗楀交鏂壒鐨凬alge Nunc鍥介檯鍒墮€犮€傚弻閰歛 鏄竴縐嶇敤浜庡埗閫犻€忔槑楂樼‖搴﹀鏂欏強椋熺墿緗愰暥鏉＄殑鍖栧鐗╄川銆?/p>

銆€銆€(2) Rick Smith, the executive director of Environmental Defence, said that a paper published by 38 scientists after a government-sponsored conference in the United States found that the lack of research on the effects of B.S.A. on humans was a concern that required further investigation.

銆€銆€[涓諱綋鍙ュ紡] Rick Smith said that a paper found that鈥?/p>

銆€銆€[緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽]榪欐槸涓€涓畝鍗曞彞錛屾湁涓€涓鏉傜殑瀹捐浠庡彞;涓昏Rick Smith甯︽湁涓€涓悓浣嶈the executive director of 鈥?鍦ㄥ璇粠鍙ヤ腑錛宎 paper鍚庨潰鏄竴涓繃鍘誨垎璇嶇煭璇綔瀹冪殑瀹氳錛屽湪浠庡彞鐨勫璇粠鍙ヤ腑鐨勫璇悗闈㈡湁涓€涓猼hat 寮曞鐨勫畾璇粠鍙ャ€?/p>

銆€銆€[鍙ュ瓙璇戞枃] 鈥滅幆澧冮槻鍗€濇墽琛岀悊浜婻ich Smith縐扮編鍥?8鍚嶇瀛﹀鍦ㄤ竴嬈℃斂搴滆祫鍔╃殑浼氳緇撴潫鍚庡彂琛ㄤ簡涓€綃囪鏂囷紝璇ヨ鏂囨寚鍑築.S.A.瀵逛漢綾葷殑褰卞搷鏂歸潰鐨勭爺絀朵笉瓚籌紝闇€瑕佽繘涓€姝ョ殑璋冩煡銆?/p>

銆€銆€棰樼洰鍒嗘瀽錛?/p>

銆€銆€1. The word 鈥渦biquitous鈥?(Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____ 1. 鈥渦biquitou鈥?(絎笁孌電涓夎)鐨勬剰鎬濇渶鏈夊彲鑳芥槸_____

銆€銆€[A] omnipresent. [A] 鏃犳墍涓嶅湪鐨勩€?/p>

銆€銆€[B] popular. [B] 鏅亶鐨勩€?/p>

銆€銆€[C] common. [C] 鏅€氱殑銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] usual. [D] 騫沖父鐨勩€?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]A

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鐚滆瘝棰樸€傛牴鎹笂涓嬫枃鏉ュ垽鏂璇嶇殑鎰忔€濓紝鏂囩珷絎洓孌佃榪板綋鏃剁敱浜庡姞鎷垮ぇ鏁欎細鍜岀幆澧冪粍緇囧洜瀹蟲€曞埗閫犲鍣ㄥぇ閲忎嬌鐢ㄥ鏂欙紝鎵€浠ュ彂鍔ㄤ簡璁稿榪愬姩銆傝€屽洜涓篘algene鐡跺瓙鍙互閲嶅浣跨敤錛屽叿鏈夌幆淇濈壒寰侊紝鍥犳鍦ㄦ牎鍥拰璁稿鍦版柟搴旇鏄櫘鍙婁簡錛屽埌澶勮兘鐪嬪緱鍒頒簡銆傜瓟妗堜負A閫夐」銆?/p>

銆€銆€2.Which one of the following statements is TURE of the local law passed by San Francisco's board of governors? 2. 鍏充簬鏃ч噾灞卞窞闀夸細璁€氳繃鐨?a target="_blank">娉曞緥錛屼笅鍒楀摢涓€夐」鏄紜殑?

銆€銆€[A] This law forbade the use of B.P.A. in food containers for children. [A] 璇ユ硶寰嬬姝㈠湪鍎跨鐨勯鍝佸鍣ㄥ埗浣滀腑浣跨敤B.P.A.銆?/p>

銆€銆€[B] This law was not enforced because of an industry lawsuit that was against the use of B.P.A. [B]璇ユ硶寰嬪洜涓轟竴涓涓氬弽B.P.A璇夎鑰屾病鏈夊緱浠ュ疄鏂姐€?/p>

銆€銆€[C] This law was revised to allow B.P.A. be used in children鈥檚 products. [C] 璇ユ硶寰嬬粡淇鍚庡厑璁稿湪鍎跨浜у搧涓嬌鐢˙.P.A.銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] This law went into effect before B.P.A was removed. [D] 璇ユ硶寰嬪湪鍘婚櫎B.P.A涔嬪墠宸茬粡鐢熸晥銆?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀] C

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 緇嗚妭棰樸€傛枃绔犵鍥涙鎻愬埌鏃ч噾灞卞窞闀夸細璁浘緇忓氨閫氳繃浜嗕竴欏規(guī)硶寰嬶紝璇ユ硶寰嬬姝㈠湪鍎跨浜у搧涓嬌鐢˙.P.A., 浣嗘槸榪欎釜娉曞緥榪樻病鏈夊疄鏂界殑鏃跺€欙紝灝卞洜涓烘湁涓€涓涓氳瘔璁鹼紝B.P.A.灝變粠榪欓」娉曞緥涓厤鍘諱簡銆傚彲浠ユ帹嫻嬶紝璇ユ硶寰嬪彲鑳藉悓鏃惰瀹氫簡鍑犵鍖栧鐗╄川閮戒笉鑳界敤浜庡効绔ヤ駭鍝佸埗閫犱腑錛屽悗鏉ュ彧鏄噸鏂頒慨璁簡璇ユ硶寰嬶紝灝咮.P.A.闄ゅ幓浜嗐€傚洜姝わ紝絳旀C絎﹀悎棰樻剰銆?/p>

銆€銆€3. According to Tom Cummins, which one of the following is NOT true of B.P.A.? 3. 鏍規(guī)嵁姹ゅ路鍗℃槑鏂墍璇寸殑錛屽叧浜嶣.P.A.涓嬪垪鍝釜閫夐」鏄笉姝ｇ‘鐨?

銆€銆€[A] B.P.A. is rarely tested and scrutinized so intensely. [A] B.P.A.寰堝皯鍙楀埌榪欎箞涓ユ牸鐨勫鏌ュ拰嫻嬮獙銆?/p>

銆€銆€[B] The testing and scrutiny done to the other chemical are no comparison with that to B.P.A. [B] 瀵瑰叾浠栧寲瀛︾墿璐ㄦ墍浣滅殑瀹℃煡鍜屾祴楠屾棤娉曚笌B.P.A.鐩稿尮鏁屻€?/p>

銆€銆€[C] That Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. are not dangerous to humans is supported by multiple evidences. [C] 鏈夊縐嶈瘉鎹樉紺哄惈鏈塀.P.A.鐨勮仛紕抽吀閰摱瀛愬浜虹被娌℃湁鍗遍櫓銆?/p>

銆€銆€[D] Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. can be used safely by humans. [D] 鍚湁B.P.A.鍙互璁╀漢綾誨畨鍏ㄥ湴浣跨敤銆?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀] A

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽?/p>

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 緇嗚妭棰樸€傝繖涓鐩槸鏈夊叧姹ゅ路鍗℃槑鏂殑鐪嬫硶鐨勶紝榪欏湪絎簲孌墊彁鍙娿€傞€夐」A銆丅閮芥槸浠栭檲榪扮殑鍓嶅崐閮ㄥ垎鍐呭錛屽叧閿湅榪欎釜鍙ュ瓙濡備綍鐞嗚В錛歊arely has a chemical been the subject of such intense scientific testing and scrutiny錛屾剰鎬濇槸璇村緢灝戞湁涓€縐嶅寲瀛︾墿璐ㄨ兘鍙楀埌榪欎箞涓ユ牸鐨勬祴楠岋紝鎰忔€濇槸B.P.A. 鍙楀埌鐨勬祴楠屽緢涓ユ牸錛岄偅涔堥€夐」A鏄敊璇殑銆傞€夐」C銆丏絎﹀悎鍚庡崐鍙ョ殑闄堣堪銆傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堜負A閫夐」銆?/p>

銆€銆€4.From the separate expert panel report it can be inferred that____ 4.鐢辯嫭绔嬩笓瀹跺皬緇勬姤鍛婂彲浠ユ帹鏂嚭_____

銆€銆€[A] B.P.A. has no effect on reproduction. [A] B.P.A.瀵圭敓孌栨病鏈夊獎鍝嶃€?/p>

銆€銆€[B] B.P.A. has trifling impact on children and pregnant women. [B]B.P.A.瀵瑰瀛愬拰鎬€瀛曞濂蟲湁寰堝井寮辯殑褰卞搷銆?/p>

銆€銆€[C] B.P.A. has trifling impact on adult reproductive systems. [C]B.P.A. 瀵規(guī)垚浜虹敓孌栫郴緇熷獎鍝嶇敋寰€?/p>

銆€銆€[D] B.P.A. has great effect on reproduction. [D]B.P.A.瀵圭敓孌栨湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫獎鍝嶃€?/p>

銆€銆€[絳旀]C

銆€銆€[闅懼害緋繪暟] 鈽嗏槅鈽嗏槅

銆€銆€[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊棰樸€傞鐩槸鍏充簬鐙珛涓撳灝忕粍鎶ュ憡鐨勶紝榪欏湪鏂囩珷絎叚孌墊彁鍙娿€傝繖涓姤鍛婂彧鐮旂┒浜咮.P.A.瀵逛簬鐢熸畺鐨勫獎鍝嶏紝鐮旂┒涓嶆€庝箞鎷呭咖璇ュ寲瀛︾墿璐ㄥ鎴愪漢鐢熸畺緋葷粺鐨勫獎鍝嶏紝浣嗗璇ュ寲瀛︾墿璐ㄥ鍎跨鍜屾€€瀛曞濂崇殑褰卞搷鍗存湁涓€瀹氭媴蹇с€傜敱姝ゅ彲浠ユ帹鏂紝璇ュ寲瀛︾墿璐ㄥ彲鑳藉鍎跨鍜屾€€瀛曞濂蟲湁涓€瀹氬獎鍝嶏紝浣嗗鎴愪漢鐢熸畺緋葷粺褰卞搷涓嶅ぇ銆傞€夐」A璇存病鏈夊獎鍝嶏紝榪囦簬緇濆錛屽洜涓烘枃涓嬈℃彁鍒版湁涓€瀹氬獎鍝嶏紝浣嗘槸涓嶆槸寰堝ぇ銆傚洜姝わ紝絳旀涓篊閫夐」銆?/p>

銆€銆€5. The author鈥檚 attitude to the use of Nalgene bottles can be said to be _____ 5. 浣滆€呭浜庝嬌鐢∟algene鐡跺瓙鐨勬€佸害鍙互璇存槸_____

銆€銆€[A] negative. [A] 鍚﹀畾鐨勩€?/p>

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