2016鑰冪爺緇忔祹瀛︼細(xì)閲嶇偣鍚嶈瘝(涔?鈥峗璺ㄨ€冪綉

銆€銆€121銆佽嚜鐒跺瀯鏂?Naturalmonopoly)

銆€銆€鑷劧鍨勬柇鏄寚榪欐牱涓€縐嶈涓氾紝鍦ㄦ琛屼笟涓紝鍦ㄤ駭閲忓ぇ鍒拌凍浠ユ弧瓚沖叏閮ㄥ競(jìng)鍦虹殑鎯呭喌涓嬪晢鍝佺殑騫沖潎鎴愭湰杈懼埌鏈€灝忥紝鍥犳涓嶅彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄧ珵浜夛紝浠呮湁鐨勪竴涓巶鍟嗗氨鎴愪負(fù)鍨勬柇鑰呫€?/p>

銆€銆€122銆佸噣鐜板€艱鍒?Net-Present-ValueRule)

銆€銆€鍑€鐜板€艱鍒欒姹傚巶鍟嗗簲璇ヤ粠浜嬪噣鐜板€間負(fù)姝ｇ殑鎶曡祫欏圭洰銆傛姇璧勭殑鍑€鐜板€兼槸鎶曡祫鏈潵鐜伴噾嫻佺殑鐜板€煎噺鍘繪姇璧勭殑鎴愭湰銆?/p>

銆€銆€123銆佷笉鍙垎鏁ｇ殑椋庨櫓(Nondiversifiablerisk)

銆€銆€涓嶅彲鍒嗘暎鐨勯闄╂槸鎸囦笉鑳介€氳繃澶氭牱鍖栨潵鍑忓皬鐨勯闄┿€?/p>

銆€銆€124銆侀潪浠鋒牸绔炰簤(Nonpricecompetition)

銆€銆€鐢辯爺絀跺紑鍙戝拰椋庢牸鐨勫彉鍖栦嬌鍟嗗搧鐗瑰緛鐨勫悇縐嶆敼鍙橈紝浠ュ強(qiáng)鍘傚晢闂寸殑騫垮憡涓庡叾浠栬惀閿€鎵嬫鏉ヨ繘琛岀殑绔炰簤錛岄兘鏄潪浠鋒牸绔炰簤銆?/p>

銆€銆€125銆佹甯稿晢鍝?Normalgoods)

銆€銆€闇€姹傞噺闅忔秷璐硅€呯殑瀹為檯鏀跺叆涓婂崌鑰屽鍔犵殑鍟嗗搧縐頒負(fù)姝ｅ父鍟嗗搧銆?/p>

銆€銆€126銆佸澶村瀯鏂?Oligopoly)

銆€銆€瀵″ご鍨勬柇鏄寚榪欐牱涓€縐嶅競(jìng)鍦哄艦鎬侊紝鍦ㄥ叾涓彧鏈夊皯鏁板崠鑰咃紝鍟嗗搧鍙互鏄悓璐ㄧ殑涔熷彲浠ユ槸鏈夊樊鍒殑銆備緥濡傦紝璁＄畻鏈哄拰鐭蟲(chóng)補(bǔ)甯?jìng)鍦簽鏄瘶q欐牱鐨勩€?/p>

銆€銆€127銆佷拱鏂瑰澶村瀯鏂?Oligopsony)

銆€銆€涔版柟瀵″ご鍨勬柇鏄寚鍙湁灝戞暟涔拌€呯殑甯?jìng)鍦哄舰鎬併€?/p>

銆€銆€128銆佹満浼?xì)鎴愭?Opportunitycost)

銆€銆€濡傛灉浠ユ渶濂界殑鍙︿竴縐嶆柟寮忓埄鐢ㄦ煇縐嶈祫婧愶紝瀹冩墍鑳界敓浜у嚭鏉ョ殑浠峰€間負(fù)鏈轟細(xì)鎴愭湰錛屼篃縐頒負(fù)閫夋嫨鎴愭湰銆?/p>

銆€銆€129銆佹渶浼樻姇浜哄搧緇勫悎(Optimalinputcombination)

銆€銆€濡傛灉鎶曞叆鍝佺粍鍚堟槸緇忔祹涓婃湁鏁堢巼鐨勬垨鑰呬嬌寰楀埄娑︽渶澶у寲(涔熷氨鏄錛屼粠鍒╂鼎鏈€澶у寲鐨勫巶鍟嗙殑瑙掑害鍑哄彂鏄渶浼樼殑)鎴栬€呬袱鑰呭吋鑰屾湁涔嬶紝榪欎竴緇勫悎灝辨槸鏈€浼樻姇鍏ュ搧緇勫悎銆?/p>

銆€銆€130銆佸簭鏁版晥鐢?Ordinalutility)

銆€銆€鍦ㄥ簭鏁扮殑鎰忎箟涓婂彲浠ュ害閲忕殑鏁堢敤鏄簭鏁版晥鐢紝榪欒〃鏄庝竴涓秷璐硅€呭彧鑳芥牴鎹悇縐嶅競(jìng)鍦虹瀛愮粰浠栧甫鏉ョ殑婊¤凍鏉ョ粰榪欎簺甯?jìng)鍦航嫯瀛愭帓搴忋€?/p>

銆€銆€131銆佸笗绱墭鏍囧噯(Paretocriterion)

銆€銆€甯曠瘡鎵樻爣鍑嗘槸紜畾涓€縐嶆敼鍙樻槸鍚︽槸涓€縐嶆敼榪涚殑鏍囧噯錛屾牴鎹繖涓€鏍囧噯錛屼笉鎹熷浠諱綍浜鴻€岃兘浣垮ぇ澶氭暟浜?鍦ㄤ粬浠湅鏉?鍙樺緱鏇村ソ鐨勬敼鍙樻墠鏄竴縐嶆敼榪涖€?/p>

銆€銆€132銆佸眬閮ㄥ潎琛″垎鏋?Partialequilibriumanalysis)

銆€銆€灞€閮ㄥ潎琛″垎鏋愭槸鎸囪繖鏍蜂竴縐嶅垎鏋愶紝(涓庝竴鑸潎琛″垎鏋愮浉鍙?瀹冨亣璁句竴涓競(jìng)鍦轟笂鐨勪環(huán)鏍兼敼鍙樻椂涓嶄細(xì)瀵艱嚧鍏朵粬甯?jìng)鍦虹殑洵h(huán)鏍煎彂鐢熸槑鏄劇殑鍙樺寲銆?/p>

銆€銆€133銆佽揣甯佹敹鐩?Pecuniarybenefits)

銆€銆€鐢變簬緇忔祹瀵逛竴涓」鐩殑璋冩暣寮曡搗鐨勭浉瀵逛環(huán)鏍肩殑鍙樺寲甯︽潵鐨勬敹鐩?鐢ㄤ互涓庡鍔犵ぞ浼?xì)绂忓埄鐨勭湡瀹炴敹鐩婄浉鍖哄?銆?/p>

銆€銆€134銆佸畬鍏ㄧ珵浜?PerfectCompetition)

銆€銆€瀹屽叏绔炰簤鏄繖鏍蜂竴縐嶅競(jìng)鍦虹粨鏋勶紝鍦ㄥ叾涓悓璐ㄧ殑鍟嗗搧鏈夊緢澶氬崠鑰咃紝娌℃湁涓€涓崠鑰呮垨涔拌€呰兘鎺у埗浠鋒牸錛岃繘鍏ュ緢瀹規(guī)槗騫朵笖璧勬簮鍙互闅忔椂浠庝竴涓嬌鐢ㄨ€呰漿鍚戝彟涓€涓嬌鐢ㄨ€呫€備緥濡傦紝璁稿鍐滀駭鍝佸競(jìng)鍦哄氨鍏鋒湁瀹屽叏绔炰簤甯?jìng)鍦簶q欎簺鐗瑰緛銆?/p>

銆€銆€135銆佷笉鍙厬鎹㈢殑鍏徃鍊哄埜(Perpetuity)

銆€銆€涓嶅彲鍏戞崲鐨勫叕鍙稿€哄埜鏄寚姘歌繙鏀粯?shù)竴涓浐瀹氬勾鎭殑鍊哄埜銆?/p>