2016騫磋€冪爺緇忔祹瀛﹀繀澶囪瘝姹?涓€)_璺ㄨ€冪綉

銆€銆€1銆佺粷瀵逛紭鍔?Absolute advantage)

銆€銆€濡傛灉涓€涓浗瀹剁敤涓€鍗曚綅璧勬簮鐢熶駭鐨勬煇縐嶄駭鍝佹瘮鍙︿竴涓浗瀹跺錛岄偅涔堬紝榪欎釜鍥藉鍦ㄨ繖縐嶄駭鍝佺殑鐢熶駭涓婁笌鍙︿竴鍥界浉姣斿氨鍏鋒湁緇濆浼樺娍銆?/p>

銆€銆€2銆侀€嗗悜閫夋嫨(Adverse choice)

銆€銆€鍦ㄦ鐘跺喌涓嬶紝淇濋櫓鍏徃鍙戠幇瀹冧滑鐨勫鎴蜂腑鏈夊お澶х殑涓€閮ㄥ垎鏉ヨ嚜楂橀闄╃兢浣撱€?/p>

銆€銆€3銆侀€夋嫨鎴愭湰(Alternative cost)

銆€銆€濡傛灉浠ユ渶濂界殑鍙︿竴縐嶆柟寮忎嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏌愮璧勬簮錛屽畠鎵€鑳界敓浜х殑浠峰€煎氨鏄€夋嫨鎴愭湰錛屼篃鍙互縐頒箣涓烘満浼氭垚鏈€?/p>

銆€銆€4銆侀渶姹傜殑寮у脊鎬?Arc elasticity of demand)

銆€銆€濡傛灉P1鍜孮1鍒嗗埆鏄環(huán)鏍煎拰闇€姹傞噺鐨勫垵濮嬪€鹼紝P2鍜孮2涓虹浜岀粍鍊鹼紝閭ｄ箞錛屽姬寮規(guī)€у氨絳変簬

銆€銆€-(Q1-Q2)(P1+P2)/(P1-P2)(Q1+Q2)

銆€銆€5銆侀潪瀵圭О鐨勪俊鎭?Asymmetric information)

銆€銆€鍦ㄦ煇浜涘競鍦轟腑錛屾瘡涓弬涓庤€呮嫢鏈夌殑淇℃伅騫朵笉鐩稿悓銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄦ棫杞﹀競鍦轟笂錛屾湁鍏蟲棫杞﹁川閲忕殑淇℃伅錛屽崠鑰呴€氬父瑕佹瘮娼滃湪鐨勪拱鑰呯煡閬撳緱澶氥€?/p>

銆€銆€6銆佸鉤鍧囨垚鏈?Averagecost)

銆€銆€騫沖潎鎴愭湰鏄€繪垚鏈櫎浠ヤ駭閲忋€備篃縐頒負騫沖潎鎬繪垚鏈€?/p>

銆€銆€7銆佸鉤鍧囧浐瀹氭垚鏈?Average fixed cost)

銆€銆€騫沖潎鍥哄畾鎴愭湰鏄€誨浐瀹氭垚鏈櫎浠ヤ駭閲忋€?/p>

銆€銆€8銆佸鉤鍧囦駭鍝?Average product)

銆€銆€騫沖潎浜у搧鏄€諱駭閲忛櫎浠ユ姇鍏ュ搧鐨勬暟閲忋€?/p>

銆€銆€9銆佸鉤鍧囧彲鍙樻垚鏈?Average variable cost)

銆€銆€騫沖潎鍙彉鎴愭湰鏄€誨彲鍙樻垚鏈櫎浠ヤ駭閲忋€?/p>

銆€銆€10銆佹姇璧勭殑尾(Beta)

銆€銆€尾搴﹂噺鐨勬槸涓庢姇璧勭浉鑱旂殑涓嶅彲鍒嗘暎鐨勯闄┿€傚浜庝竴縐嶈偂紲ㄨ€岃█錛屽畠琛ㄧず鎵€鏈夌幇琛岃偂紲ㄧ殑鏀剁泭鍙戠敓鍙樺寲鏃訛紝涓€縐嶈偂紲ㄧ殑鏀剁泭浼氬浣曟晱鎰熷湴鍙樺寲銆?/p>

銆€銆€11銆佸€哄埜鏀剁泭(Bondyield)

銆€銆€鍊哄埜鏀剁泭鏄€哄埜鎵€鑾峰緱鐨勫埄鐜囥€?/p>

銆€銆€12銆佹敹鏀鉤琛″浘(Break-evenchart)

銆€銆€鏀舵敮騫寵　鍥捐〃紺轟竴縐嶄駭鍝佹墍鍑哄敭鐨勬€繪暟閲忔敼鍙樻椂鎬繪敹鐩婂拰鎬繪垚鏈槸濡備綍鍙樺寲鐨勩€傛敹鏀鉤琛＄偣鏄負閬垮厤鎹熷け鑰屽繀欏誨崠鍑虹殑鏈€灝忔暟閲忋€?/p>

銆€銆€13銆侀綆楃嚎(Budgetline)

銆€銆€棰勭畻綰胯〃紺烘秷璐硅€呮墍鑳借喘涔扮殑鍟嗗搧X鍜屽晢鍝乊鐨勬暟閲忕殑鍏ㄩ儴緇勫悎銆傚畠鐨勬枩鐜囩瓑浜庡晢鍝乆鐨勪環(huán)鏍奸櫎浠ュ晢鍝乊鐨勪環(huán)鏍煎啀涔樹互涓€1銆?/p>

銆€銆€14銆佹崋緇戦攢鍞?Bundling)

銆€銆€鎹嗙粦閿€鍞寚榪欐牱涓€縐嶅競鍦鴻惀閿€鎵嬫錛屽嚭鍞袱縐嶄駭鍝佺殑鍘傚晢錛岃姹傝喘涔板叾涓竴縐嶄駭鍝佺殑瀹㈡埛錛屼篃瑕佽喘涔板彟涓€縐嶄駭鍝併€?/p>

銆€銆€15銆佽祫鏈?Capital)

銆€銆€璧勬湰鏄寚鐢ㄤ簬鐢熶駭銆侀攢鍞強鍟嗗搧鍜屾湇鍔″垎閰嶇殑璁懼銆佸巶鎴褲€佸瓨璐с€佸師鏉愭枡鍜屽叾浠栭潪浜哄姏鐢熶駭璧勬簮銆?/p>

銆€銆€16銆佽祫鏈敹鐩?Capitalgain)

銆€銆€璧勬湰鏀剁泭鏄寚浜轟滑鍗栧嚭鑲＄エ(鎴栧叾浠栬祫浜?鏃舵墍鑾峰緱鐨勮秴榪囧師鏉ヤ負瀹冩敮浠樼殑閭ｄ竴閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>

銆€銆€17銆佽祫鏈富涔?Capitalism)

銆€銆€璧勬湰涓諱箟鏄竴縐嶅競鍦轟綋緋伙紝瀹冧緷璧栦環(huán)鏍間綋緋誨幓瑙ｅ喅鍩烘湰鐨勭粡嫻庨棶棰橈細鐢熶駭浠€涔?濡備綍鐢熶駭?鎬庢牱鍒嗛厤?緇忔祹澧為暱鐜囧簲涓哄灝?

銆€銆€18銆佸熀鏁版晥鐢?Cardinalutility)

銆€銆€鍩烘暟鏁堢敤鏄寚鍍忎釜浜虹殑浣撻噸鎴栬韓楂橀偅鏍峰湪鍩烘暟鐨勬剰涔変笂鍙互搴﹂噺鐨勬晥鐢?瀹冩剰鍛崇潃鏁堢敤涔嬮棿鐨勫樊鍒紝鍗寵竟闄呮晥鐢紝鏄湁鎰忎箟鐨?銆傚簭鏁版晥鐢ㄤ笌瀹冪浉鍙嶏紝瀹冨彧鍦ㄥ簭鏁扮殑灞傞潰涓婃墠鏈夋剰涔夈€?/p>

銆€銆€19銆佸崱鐗瑰皵(Cartel)

銆€銆€鍗＄壒灝旀槸鎸囧巶鍟嗕箣闂翠負浜嗗悎璋嬭€岀璁㈠叕寮€鍜屾寮忓崗璁繖鏍蜂竴縐嶅競鍦虹粨鏋勫艦鎬併€?/p>

銆€銆€20銆佺甯冧竴閬撴牸鎷夋柉鐢熶駭鍑芥暟(Cobb-Douglas production function)

銆€銆€縐戝竷涓€閬撴牸鎷夋柉鐢熶駭鍑芥暟鏄寚榪欐牱鐨勭敓浜у嚱鏁癚=AL"IK"2Mi3銆傚紡涓紝Q涓轟駭閲?L涓哄姵鍔ㄧ殑鏁伴噺;K涓鴻祫鏈殑鏁伴噺;M涓哄師鏉愭枡鐨勬暟閲?A錛?1錛?2錛?3鍧囦負甯告暟銆?/p>