2013騫磋€冪爺鑻辮緲昏瘧:鎷嗗垎緇勫悎涔嬮€昏緫緇勫悎_璺ㄨ€冪綉

銆€銆€鑰冪爺鑻辮緲昏瘧鍦ㄥ鍙ュ瓙榪涜鎷嗗垎銆佸茍紜畾浜?jiǎn)鍚勬剰缇ょ殑鎰忎箟浠ュ悗锛岄渶瑕佹寜鐓т腑鏂囩殑閫昏緫灝嗘剰鎬濈粍鍚堣搗鏉ワ紝鍗蟲(chóng)寜鐓т腑鏂囪〃杈句範(fàn)鎯拰閫昏緫鍏崇郴閲嶆柊瀹夋帓鍙ュ瓙欏哄簭錛屽灝嗗畾璇拰鐘惰鍓嶇疆絳夈€備笅闈粛鐒朵互鍓嶉潰鐨勪笁涓緥瀛愯鏄庡浣曡繘琛岄€昏緫緇勫悎銆?/p>

銆€銆€渚嬩竴錛?/p>

銆€銆€72. 鈥淚n short鈥? a leader of the new school contends, 鈥渢he scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.鈥?(1994-72)

銆€銆€鏂板媧劇殑涓€浣嶉琚栦漢鐗╁潥鎸佽錛氣€滅畝璦€涔嬶紝鎴戜滑鎵€璋撶殑縐戝闈╁懡錛屼富瑕佹槸鎸囦竴緋誨垪鍣ㄥ叿鐨勬敼榪涖€佸彂鏄庡拰浣跨敤錛岃繖浜涙敼榪涖€佸彂鏄庡拰浣跨敤浣跨瀛﹀彂灞曠殑鑼冨洿鏃犳墍涓嶅強(qiáng)銆傗€?/p>

銆€銆€閫昏緫緇勫悎錛?/p>

銆€銆€鐢變簬瀹氳浠庡彞that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions杈冮暱錛屽彲浠ュ崟鐙垚鍙?鍚屾椂錛屽厛琛岃瘝the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments鏄畾璇粠鍙ョ殑涓昏(鐢眛hat浠ｆ浛)錛岀炕璇戞椂閲嶅鍏堣璇嶃€?/p>

銆€銆€渚嬩簩錛?/p>

銆€銆€72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (1995-72)

銆€銆€榪欎簺棰勬祴鍦ㄥ澶х▼搴︿笂涓哄悗鏉ョ殑琛ㄧ幇鎵€璇佸疄錛岃繖鍙栧喅浜庢墍鐢ㄤ俊鎭殑鏁伴噺銆佸彲闈犳€у拰閫傚疁鎬э紝浠ュ強(qiáng)瑙ｉ噴榪欎簺淇℃伅鐨勬妧鑳藉拰鎵嶆櫤銆?/p>

銆€銆€閫昏緫緇勫悎錛?/p>

銆€銆€涓昏杈冮暱錛屽彲浠ュ湪涓昏皳鐩告帴涔嬪鏂彞銆傚彞鏈殑瀹氳浠庡彞鍓嶇疆錛屼慨楗板厛琛岃瘝the skill and wisdom銆?/p>

銆€銆€渚嬩笁錛?/p>

銆€銆€62. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

銆€銆€紺句細(xì)縐戝鏄煡璇嗘帰绱㈢殑涓€涓垎鏀紝瀹冨姏鍥懼儚鑷劧縐戝瀹剁爺絀惰嚜鐒剁幇璞￠偅鏍鳳紝鐢ㄧ悊鎬х殑銆佹湁搴忕殑銆佺郴緇熺殑鍜屽喎闈?rùn)鐨勬柟寮忕爺绌朵汉绫诲強(qiáng)鍏惰湄?fù)銆?/p>

銆€銆€閫昏緫緇勫悎錛?/p>

銆€銆€瀹氳浠庡彞which seeks to study humans and their endeavors鈥﹁緝闀匡紝鍙互涓庡墠闈㈢殑涓誨彞鍒嗗紑緲昏瘧;in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner鍋氱姸璇紝淇グstudy錛岀炕璇戞椂鍙互鏀懼湪study鍓嶉潰;瀹氳浠庡彞that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena鍙互鍓嶇疆淇グmanner銆?/p>

銆€銆€鐢辨鍙錛岃鍋氬ソ鑻辮瘧姹夐儴鍒嗭紝蹇呴』瀛︿範(fàn)鐞嗚В鍘熸枃涓庢眽璇〃杈句袱涓柟闈紝浜岃€呯己涓€涓嶅彲銆?/p>