2012騫村害鑰冪爺璁＄畻鏈轟笓涓氳澶嶄範杈呭_璺ㄨ€冪綉

璁＄畻鏈?a href="http://m.ivlnzgm.cn/" target="_blank">鑰冪爺緇熻€冭紼嬪垎涓烘暟鎹粨鏋勩€佽綆楁満緇勬垚鍘熺悊銆佹搷浣滅郴緇熷拰璁＄畻鏈虹綉緇滃洓涓儴鍒嗭紝寤鴻鍚屽浠壘鐩稿簲鐨勪笓涓氳鏁欐潗榪涜澶嶄範銆傛妸鍙傝€冧功鐩噯澶囬綈錛屽氨鐩稿綋浜庤鍐涙墦浠楁墍闇€瑕佺殑綺崏錛屾病鏈夌伯鑽夛紝浠楀氨娌℃硶鎵撲簡銆傝€冪爺錛屽鏋滃皯浜嗗噯紜殑鍙傝€冧功錛岃繖璇曚篃涓嶅ソ鑰冧簡銆?/span>

聽

璁＄畻鏈轟笓涓氳鈥斺€旇綆楁満緗戠粶鍙傝€冧功鐩?/span>

聽

璁＄畻鏈虹綉緇滐紝璋㈠笇浠佷富緙栥€婅綆楁満緗戠粶錛堢5鐗堬級銆嬬數(shù)瀛愬伐涓氬嚭鐗堢ぞ銆傚涔犱範棰橀泦錛氥€婅綆楁満緗戠粶鐭ヨ瘑瑕佺偣涓庝範棰樿В鏋愩€?a target="_blank">鍝堝皵婊ㄥ伐紼嬪ぇ瀛?/a>鍑虹増紺俱€?/span>

聽

鑰冪爺灝辨槸鎵撴寔涔呮垬錛岃皝鍧氭寔鍒版渶鍚庯紝璋佸氨浼氬彇寰楄儨鍒╋紝鑰冪爺鍙堝儚鎸栦簳婕敾錛屾瘡鍙ｄ簳閮藉揩鍒版按婧愪簡錛屼絾閮芥槸鍥犱負娌℃湁鑰愬績鑰屼腑閫斿仠姝紝緇撴灉鍒板ご鏉ヤ竴鏃犳墍鏈夈€傚叾瀹炶€冪爺榪欏彛浜曞茍涓嶆繁錛屽茍涓嶆槸閬ヤ笉鍙強錛岄渶瑕佺殑鏄寲浜曚漢鐨勬€佸害錛岄渶瑕佺殑鏄潥寮哄拰鎵庡疄鐨勬€佸害銆傚洜姝わ紝鍚屽浠鍧氬畾鑰冪爺淇″康錛屼竴姝ヤ竴涓剼鍗扮殑鍧氭寔涓嬪幓錛岃綆楁満緗戠粶縐戠洰鐨勭煡璇嗙偣闈炲父鍒嗘暎錛屽涔犻噸鐐規(guī)湁鍝簺鍛紵

聽

瀵逛簬璁＄畻鏈虹綉緇滅殑澶嶄範錛岄鍏堣鐞嗚В緗戠粶鍒嗗眰緇撴瀯錛?/span>OSI鍙傝€冩ā鍨嬪拰TCP/IP妯″瀷鐨勫尯鍒拰鑱旂郴錛岀劧鍚庢寜鐓?/span>OSI涓冨眰妯″瀷灞曞紑澶嶄範銆?/span>

聽

絎竴銆佽綆楁満緗戠粶浣撶郴緇撴瀯 緗戠粶浣撶郴灝辨槸涓轟簡瀹屾垚璁＄畻鏈轟箣闂寸殑閫氫俊鍚堜綔錛屾妸姣忓彴璁＄畻鏈虹浉榪炵殑鍔熻兘鍒掑垎鎴愭湁鏄庣‘瀹氫箟鐨勫眰嬈★紝騫跺浐瀹氫簡鍚屽眰嬈＄殑榪涚▼閫氫俊鐨勫崗璁強鐩擱偦涔嬮棿鐨勬帴鍙ｅ強鏈嶅姟銆?/span>

聽

榪欎釜鐭ヨ瘑鐐硅姹傚挶浠緗戠粶鐨勬蹇點€佺粍鎴愩€佸垎綾匯€佸彂灞曡繃紼嬬瓑鍐呭瑕佹湁鎵€浜嗚В錛屽悓鏃惰繕瑕佺悊瑙ｇ綉緇滃垎灞傜粨鏋勩€佺綉緇滃眰鍗忚銆佹帴鍙ｃ€佹湇鍔＄瓑姒傚康錛屾帉鎻?/span>ISO/OSI鍙傝€冩ā鍨嬪拰TCP/IP妯″瀷鐨勫尯鍒笌鑱旂郴銆傝繖閮ㄥ垎鐭ヨ瘑鐞嗚鎬у己錛屼富瑕佷互閫夋嫨棰樼殑褰㈠紡鍑虹幇銆?/span>

聽

絎簩銆佺墿鐞嗗眰 鐗╃悊灞備綔涓?/span>OSI妯″瀷鐨勬渶搴曞眰銆佷篃鏄悇灞傞€氫俊鐨勫熀紜€錛屽湪璁＄畻鏈?a href="http://m.ivlnzgm.cn/" target="_blank">鑰冪爺緗?/a>緇滄ā鍧椾腑錛岄渶瑕侀噸鐐瑰涔犮€傚挶浠鎺屾彙鐨勬蹇墊湁錛氫俊閬撱€佷俊鍙楓€佸甯︺€佺爜鍏冦€佹嘗鐗廣€侀€熺巼銆佷俊婧愪笌淇″銆佺紪鐮佷笌璋冨埗銆佺數(shù)璺氦鎹€佹姤鏂囦氦鎹笌鍒嗙粍浜ゆ崲銆佹暟鎹姤涓庤櫄鐢?shù)璧\絳夊熀鏈蹇點€傚悓鏃訛紝緗戠粶鎶€鏈腑鏈夊悕鐨勪袱涓畾鐞嗭紙濂堝鏂壒瀹氱悊涓庨鍐滃畾鐞嗭級鍙婂叾琛ㄨ揪鍏紡錛岄渶瑕佸挶浠兘澶熺啛緇冩帉鎻′笌搴旂敤銆?/span>

聽

榪欓儴鍒嗚繕娑夊強鍒扮患鍚堝竷綰跨浉鍏崇煡璇嗭紝濡傦細浼犺緭浠嬭川錛堝弻緇炵嚎銆佸悓杞寸數(shù)緙嗐€佸厜綰や笌鏃犵嚎浼犺緭浠嬭川錛夈€佺墿鐞嗗眰璁懼錛堜腑緇у櫒銆侀泦綰垮櫒錛夊強鐗╃悊灞傛帴鍙ｇ殑鐗規(guī)€с€傝繖閮ㄥ垎鐭ヨ瘑鐞嗚涓庡疄璺靛茍閲嶏紝鍙兘浼氭秹鍙婁竴閬撶患鍚堝簲鐢ㄩ銆?/span>

聽

絎笁銆佹暟鎹摼璺眰 鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞傚姛鑳藉己澶э紝瀵硅灞傜煡璇嗙殑鑰冩煡娑夊強鐨勯潰姣旇緝騫匡紝涓昏浠ラ€夋嫨棰樺嚭鐜般€傚璇ョ煡璇嗙偣鐨勫涔狅紝鍜變滑鍙互浠庤灞傛墍鎻愪緵鐨勫姛鑳戒負綰跨儲錛屼究浜庢洿鍔犲艦璞＄殑鐞嗚В涓庤蹇嗐€?/span>

聽

鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞傜殑涓昏鍔熻兘鏈夛細鏁版嵁甯х殑鎷嗗垎涓庢嫾鎺ャ€佸樊閿欐帶鍒訛紙媯€閿欑紪鐮併€佺籂閿欑紪鐮侊級銆佹祦閲忔帶鍒朵笌鍙潬浼犺緭鏈哄埗錛堟粦鍔ㄧ獥鍙ｆ満鍒躲€佸仠姝?/span>-絳夊緟鍗忚銆佸悗閫€N甯у崗璁?/span> GBN銆侀€夋嫨閲嶄紶鍗忚SR錛夈€佷粙璐ㄨ闂帶鍒訛紙棰戝垎澶氳礬澶嶇敤銆佹椂鍒嗗璺鐢ㄣ€佹嘗鍒嗗璺鐢ㄣ€佺爜鍒嗗璺鐢級鐨勬蹇靛拰鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚湪鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞傜殑鍗忚涓紝瑕佹眰鍜變滑鎺屾彙涓昏鏈?/span>ALOHA鍗忚銆?/span>CSMA鍗忚銆?/span>CSMA/CD鍗忚銆?/span>CSMA/CA鍗忚銆佷護鐗屼紶閫掑崗璁€?/span>

聽

瀵瑰眬鍩熺綉涓庡箍鍩熺綉鐨勮€冩煡錛屼篃鏀懼湪鐨勮繖涓煡璇嗙偣涓€傝姹傚挶浠帉鎻″眬鍩熺綉鐨勫熀鏈蹇典笌浣撶郴緇撴瀯銆佷互澶綉涓?/span>IEEE 802.3銆?/span>IEEE 802.11鍙婁護鐗岀幆緗戠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊錛涘箍鍩熺綉鐨勫熀鏈蹇點€?/span> PPP鍗忚銆?/span>HDLC鍗忚銆?/span>ATM緗戠粶鍩烘湰鍘熺悊絳夌煡璇嗗彧闇€瑕佹湁鎵€浜嗚В錛岀浉淇″湪姣旈噸鍗?/span>25鍒嗭紙閫夋嫨棰?/span>2鍒?/span>/棰橈紝緇煎悎搴旂敤棰樿繎10鍒?/span>/棰橈級鐨勯檺鍒朵笅錛岃€冩煡鐨勬鐜囩浉瀵硅緝浣庛€傛渶鍚庤繕闇€瀵規(guī)暟鎹摼璺眰璁懼緗戞ˉ錛堢綉妗ョ殑姒傚康銆侀€忔槑緗戞ˉ涓庣敓鎴愭爲綆楅キ銆佹簮閫夊緞緗戞ˉ涓庢簮閫夊緞綆楁硶錛夈€佷氦鎹㈡満鍙婂叾宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊絳夌煡璇嗚繘琛岄噸鐐瑰涔犮€?/span>

聽

絎洓銆佺綉緇滃眰 緗戠粶灞傛槸OSI鍙傝€冩ā鍨嬩腑鐨勬牳蹇冨眰錛屼粠緗戠粶灞傜殑鍔熻兘涓婄湅錛屽畠鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳芥槸璺敱涓庤漿鍙戯紝鍥犳瀵硅礬鐢辯畻娉曚笌鍗忚鐨勮€冩煡錛屾槸蹇呰€冪殑鍐呭銆傝礬鐢辯畻娉曚富瑕佸寘鎷潤鎬佽礬鐢變笌鍔ㄦ€佽礬鐢便€佽窛紱?/span>-鍚戦噺璺敱綆楁硶銆侀摼璺姸鎬佽礬鐢辯畻娉曘€佸眰嬈¤礬鐢辯瓑銆?/span>

聽

鍦ㄨ礬鐢卞崗璁柟闈紝瑕佹眰鍜變滑鎼炴竻妤氳嚜娌葷郴緇燂紙AS錛夈€佸煙鍐呰礬鐢變笌鍩熼棿璺敱鐨勬蹇靛強甯哥敤鐨勪笁縐嶈礬鐢卞崗璁紙RIP銆?/span>OSPF銆?/span>BGP錛夊強鍏跺疄鐜般€傜綉緇滃眰鐨勪富瑕佸崗璁槸IP鍗忚錛屽浜庤繖閮ㄥ垎鍐呭錛岃姹傚挶浠帉鎻?/span>IPv4鍒嗙粍銆?/span>IP緇勬挱銆?/span>IPv4鍦板潃涓?/span>NAT銆佸瓙緗戝垝鍒嗕笌瀛愮綉鎺╃爜銆?/span>CIDR銆傚彟澶栵紝榪樻湁涓?/span>IP鍗忚鐩稿叧鐨勫叾瀹冨眰鍗忚錛堜緥濡傦紝ARP鍗忚銆?/span>DHCP鍗忚涓?/span>ICMP鍗忚絳夛級涔熷皢鏀懼湪涓€璧瘋繘琛岃€冩煡銆?/span>

聽

浣滀負鏂扮増鏈殑IP鍗忚IPv6錛岄渶瑕佸挶浠帉鎻＄殑鏄?/span>IPv6鐨勪富瑕佺壒鐐廣€佹敼榪涘嵆鍦板潃琛ㄧず鏂瑰紡絳夈€傛渶鍚庯紝榪樿姹傚挶浠啛鎮(zhèn)夌綉緇滃眰璁懼錛堣礬鐢卞櫒錛夌殑緇勬垚鍜屽姛鑳姐€佽礬鐢辮〃涓庤礬鐢辮漿鍙戠瓑鎶€鏈€?/span>

聽

絎簲銆佷紶杈撳眰 浼犺緭灞傝姹傚挶浠簡瑙ｆ棤榪炴帴鏈嶅姟涓庨潰鍚戣繛鎺ユ湇鍔¤繖涓ょ鏈嶅姟鐨勫尯鍒強涓ょ浠ｈ〃鎬х殑浼犺緭灞傚崗璁細UDP鍗忚鍜?/span>TCP鍗忚銆?/span>UDP鍗忚鏄彁渚涙棤榪炴帴鏈嶅姟鐨勶紝瑕佹眰鍜變滑鎺屾彙UDP鏁版嵁鎶ョ殑鍙戦€佸拰UDP鏍￠獙鏂瑰紡銆?/span>

聽

TCP鍗忚鏄彁渚涢潰鍚戣繛鎺ユ湇鍔＄殑錛岃姹傚挶浠帉鎻?/span>TCP榪炴帴綆＄悊銆佷笁嬈℃彙鎵嬪崗璁€?/span>TCP鍙潬浼犺緭錛屼互鍙?/span>TCP嫻侀噺鎺у埗涓庢嫢濉炴帶鍒躲€備紶杈撳眰鐨勫唴瀹逛笉澶氾紝浣嗗皢浼氳€冨緱闈炲父緇嗭紝瀵瑰挶浠潵璇達紝闅懼害鐩稿杈冨ぇ銆?/span>

聽

絎叚銆佸簲鐢ㄥ眰 搴旂敤灞傝姹備簡瑙ｄ袱縐嶇綉緇滃簲鐢ㄦā鍨嬶紙瀹㈡埛/鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦā鍨嬨€?/span>P2P妯″瀷錛夊強甯哥敤鐨勫嚑縐嶅簲鐢ㄦ湇鍔″強鍏跺疄鐜幫紝瀵逛簬浠ヤ笅4縐嶅父瑙佺殑鏈嶅姟錛屽挶浠鎺屾彙鍏剁浉鍏蟲蹇點€佸熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞嗐€佹湇鍔¤繃紼嬨€佹墍娑夊強鐨勭綉緇滃崗璁€?/span>

聽

1銆?/span>DNS錛堝煙鍚嶈В鏋愭湇鍔★級錛氬寘鎷眰嬈″煙鍚嶇┖闂淬€佸煙鍚嶆湇鍔″櫒銆佸煙鍚嶈В鏋愯繃紼嬬瓑銆?/span>

聽

2銆?/span>FTP錛堟枃浠朵紶杈撳崗璁級錛氬寘鎷?/span>FTP鍗忚鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞嗐€佹帶鍒惰繛鎺ヤ笌鏁版嵁榪炴帴絳夈€?/span>

聽

3銆?/span>E-Mail錛堢數(shù)瀛愰偖浠訛級錛氬寘鎷數(shù)瀛愰偖浠剁郴緇熺殑緇勬垚緇撴瀯銆佺數(shù)瀛愰偖浠舵牸寮忎笌MIME銆?/span>SMTP鍗忚涓?/span>POP3鍗忚絳夈€?/span>

聽

4銆?/span>WWW錛堜竾緇寸綉錛夛細鍖呮嫭WWW鐨勬蹇典笌緇勬垚緇撴瀯銆?/span>HTTP鍗忚絳夈€?/span>

聽

鑰冪爺涓嶄粎鑰冮獙鎴戜滑鐨勭煡璇嗭紝鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄粬鑰冮獙鎴戜滑鐨勬剰蹇椼€傝兘寰堝ソ鐨勬嫻嬫垜浠殑姣呭姏鍜屽喅蹇冿紝鑳藉寰堝ソ鐨勬楠屾垜浠鎴愬姛鐨勬妸鎻¤兘鍔涖€備漢榪欎竴鐢熷繀欏誨叏鍔涗互璧村仛鍑犱歡鍥伴毦鐨勪簨錛岃€冪爺搴旇鏄竴浠躲€傚鏋滄垚鍔熶簡錛屼綘鐨勪漢鐢熶箣璺皢鑳借笍涓婁竴涓洿涓洪珮鐨勫鉤鍙幫紝鑳借幏寰楁洿澶氭彁楂樿嚜宸辯殑鏈轟細銆傝€冪爺錛岃璁ょ湡闈㈠銆佸叏鍔涗互璧淬€?/span>

聽

鑰冪爺璁＄畻鏈轟笓涓氱患鍚堣€冨緱寰堝鏉傚緢澶氾紝2012騫寸殑鑰冪敓鍦ㄥ涔犲鑰冧腑錛屼笉浣嗚娉ㄦ剰閲嶈鐭ヨ瘑鐐癸紝榪樿娉ㄩ噸鐞嗚В銆傚洜姝わ紝闇€瑕佸涔犵殑鍏ㄩ潰鍒頒綅銆佹墡瀹炪€備粠浠婂勾鑰冪爺璇曞嵎鍙互鐪嬪嚭錛屽鎵€鏈夌煡璇嗙偣閮借涓€瑙嗗悓浠侊紝澶嶄範鐨勮鎵庡疄涓€浜涖€傝法鑰冩暀鑲插悕甯堟彁閱掑ぇ瀹訛紝璐拱涓庢暀鏉愰厤濂楃殑涔犻銆佹瘡瀛﹀畬涓€绔狅紝鑷繁鍋氫竴绔犵殑涔犻宸╁浐涓€涓嬶紝榪欐牱璁板緱姣旇緝鎵庡疄錛岀悊瑙ｄ篃浼氭瘮杈冮€忓交銆?/span>

聽

涓撲笟璇鋸€斺€旀搷浣滅郴緇?/span> 澶嶄範鏁翠綋絳栫暐浠ュ強閲嶈鐭ヨ瘑鐐?/span>

聽

涓撲笟璇劇殑涓滆タ寰堝寰堝鏉傦紝璺ㄨ€冨悕甯堟彁閱掑ぇ瀹剁◢瀹夊嬁韜侊紝瀵逛簬鏁欐潗鐨勯€夋嫨錛屽緩璁ぇ瀹墮€夋嫨瑗垮畨鐢?shù)瀛惪U戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺撅紝姹ゅ瓙鐎涚瓑涓葷紪鐨勩€婅綆楁満鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛堢涓夌増錛夈€嬨€傝繖鏈暀鏉愭槸鍥藉唴鏈€鏉冨▉鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇熸暀鏉愶紝浣跨敤鑼冨洿寰堝箍錛屽湪璁＄畻鏈烘敼闈╀負緇熻€冧箣鍓嶏紝鑰冩搷浣滅郴緇熺殑瀛︽牎鍩烘湰閮戒互姝ゆ湰鏁欐潗浣滀負鎸囧畾鏁欐潗銆傝綆楁満涓撲笟璇劇▼鐨勫涔狅紝澶嶄範浠誨姟閲嶏紝鏃墮棿绱э紝寤鴻閫夋嫨涓€鏈簿紜彁鐐艱€冪翰涓秹鍙婄殑鍐呭錛屾槑紜€冪翰鐨勮姹傦紝鐒跺悗瀵瑰涔犺鐐歸€愬眰灞曞紑錛屽府鍔╄€冪敓寤虹珛鏉＄悊娓呮櫚鐨勭煡璇嗘鏋剁殑緇煎悎杈呭涔︽潵甯姪澶嶄範錛岃鏈夎凍澶熺殑鑰愬績錛岄伩鍏嶇溂楂樻墜浣庛€?/span>

聽

鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍜岃綆楁満緇勬垚鍘熺悊鐨勯儴鍒嗗唴瀹規(guī)槸鐩稿叧鐨勶紝鐢氳嚦鏄噸鍙犵殑錛屼緥濡傝櫄鎷熷瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹瓑錛屽ぇ瀹跺湪澶嶄範鏃訛紝鍙鐓ц綆楁満緇勬垚鍘熺悊涓€璧峰涔狅紝鍔犳繁鐞嗚В銆傛搷浣滅郴緇熻紼嬫槸鐞嗚鎬у拰瀹炶返鎬ч兘寰堝己鐨勮紼嬶紝姒傚康澶氥€佹娊璞°€佹秹鍙婇潰騫匡紝澶嶄範鏃訛紝鎴戜滑搴旇娉ㄦ剰鍝簺閲嶇偣鍛紵璺ㄨ€冩暀鑲?/a>鍚嶅笀鏉ヤ負澶у璇︾粏瑙ｇ瓟銆?/span>

鍥犱負鐮旂┒鐢熻€冭瘯鍩烘湰涓婃槸闈犳垜浠嚜宸卞涔狅紝閭ｄ箞瀛︿範瀹屼箣鍚庯紝濡備綍鐭ラ亾瀛︿範鐨勬晥鏋滃憿錛熻繖灝遍渶瑕佸鍙傚姞嫻嬭瘯錛岀壒鍒槸璺ㄨ€冩暀鑲?/a>鐨勫洓杞簲闃舵暀瀛︽硶錛屼細瀹氭湡瀹夋帓嫻嬭瘯錛屽鎴戜滑鏈夊緢澶х殑甯姪銆傝綆楁満鑰冪爺涓撲笟璇句腑鏈?/span>80鍒嗙殑鍗曢」閫夋嫨棰橈紝榪欐槸涓庤蔣鑰冪殑鑰冩硶涓€鑷寸殑錛屼粠鑰冭瘯澶х翰鏉ョ湅錛屾墍鑰冩煡鐨勭煡璇嗙偣姣旇蔣鑰冭紿勪竴浜涳紝瑕佹眰涔熶綆涓€浜涖€傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄦ病鏈夌湅鍒扮湡瀹炶瘯棰樹箣鍓嶏紝寤鴻鑰冪敓鎷胯蔣鑰冧笂鍗堣瘯棰橈紙鎿嶄綔緋葷粺閮ㄥ垎錛変綔涓烘ā鎷熸祴璇曘€?/span>