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銆€銆€2012騫寸殑緇熻€冨ぇ綰插璁＄畻鏈虹粍鎴愬師鐞嗙殑鑰冩煡鐩爣錛?/span>1銆佺悊瑙ｅ崟澶勭悊鍣ㄨ綆楁満緋葷粺涓悇閮ㄤ歡鐨勫唴閮ㄥ伐浣滃師鐞嗐€佺粍鎴愮粨鏋勪互鍙?qiáng)鐩镐簰杩炴帴鏂瑰紡锛屽呬h湁瀹屾暣鐨勮綆楁満緋葷粺鐨勬暣鏈烘蹇碉紱2銆佺悊瑙ｈ綆楁満緋葷粺灞傛鍖栫粨鏋勬蹇碉紝鐔熸?zhèn)壖嫭錃g涓庤蔣浠朵箣闂寸殑鐣岄潰錛屾帉鎻℃寚浠ら泦浣撶郴緇撴瀯鐨勫熀鏈煡璇嗗拰鍩烘湰瀹炵幇鏂規(guī)硶錛?/span>3銆佽兘澶熺患鍚堣繍鐢ㄨ綆楁満緇勬垚鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鍩烘湰鏂規(guī)硶錛屽鏈夊叧璁＄畻鏈虹‖浠剁郴緇熶腑鐨勭悊璁哄拰瀹為檯闂榪涜璁＄畻銆佸垎鏋愶紝騫惰兘瀵逛竴浜涘熀鏈儴浠惰繘琛岀畝鍗曡璁°€?/span>

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銆€銆€(浜?/span>)閲嶈鐭ヨ瘑鐐硅В鏋?/span>

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銆€銆€鍦ㄨ綆楁満緇勬垚鍘熺悊鏂歸潰錛屼富瑕佽€冩煡璁＄畻鏈虹郴緇熷熀紜€鐭ヨ瘑銆佹暟鎹殑琛ㄧず鍜岃繍綆椼€佸瓨鍌ㄥ櫒灞傛緇撴瀯銆佹寚浠ょ郴緇熴€佷腑澶鐞嗗櫒銆佹€葷嚎銆佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹郴緇熴€?/span>

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銆€銆€1銆佽綆楁満緋葷粺姒傝堪

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銆€銆€瀛︿範(fàn)璁＄畻鏈虹粍鎴愬師鐞嗕箣鍓嶏紝鎴戜滑鍏堣浜嗚В璁＄畻鏈虹殑鍙戝睍鍘嗙▼錛屾悶娓呮璁＄畻鏈虹殑緋葷粺灞傛緇撴瀯錛屽寘鎷綆楁満紜歡鐨勫熀鏈粍鎴?/span>(浜斿ぇ閮ㄤ歡鐨勬瀯鎴?/span>)銆佽綆楁満杞歡鐨勫垎綾伙紝浠ュ強(qiáng)璁＄畻鏈虹殑鍩烘湰宸ヤ綔榪囩▼銆?/span>

銆€銆€浠庝綋緋葷粨鏋勪笂鏉ョ湅錛屾湁澶氱涓嶅悓綾誨瀷鐨勮綆楁満錛岄偅涔堣繖浜涗笉鍚岀殑璁＄畻鏈鴻皝濂借皝鍧忥紵濡備綍璇勪環(huán)錛熸墍浠ワ紝榪橀渶瑕佹垜浠簡瑙ｈ綆楁満鎬ц兘璇勪環(huán)鎸囨爣鍜岀浉鍏沖弬鏁幫紝鍖呮嫭鍚炲悙閲忋€佸搷搴旀椂闂達(dá)紱CPU鏃墮挓鍛ㄦ湡銆佷富棰戙€?/span>CPI銆?/span>CPU鎵ц鏃墮棿錛?/span>MIPS銆?/span>MFLOPS絳夈€?/span>

銆€銆€2銆佹暟鎹殑琛ㄧず鍜岃繍綆?/span>

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銆€銆€鎴戜滑鏃ュ父鎵€浣跨敤鐨勬槸鍗佽繘鍒舵暟鎹紝浣嗗湪璁＄畻鏈轟腑錛岄櫎浜嗗崄榪涘埗鏁版嵁澶栵紝榪樻湁浜岃繘鍒躲€佸叓榪涘埗銆佸崄鍏繘鍒惰〃紺烘柟娉曪紝鎴戜滑瑕佹帉鎻¤繖浜涜繘浣嶈鏁板埗鍙?qiáng)鍏剁涙€簰杞崲鐨勬柟娉曪紝瑕佹悶娓呮鐪熷€?/span>(瀹為檯鐨勬暟鍊?/span>)鍜屾満鍣ㄦ暟(璁＄畻鏈轟腑琛ㄧず鐨勬暟鍊?/span>)涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋伙紝鐗瑰埆鏄礋鏁扮殑鍚勭琛ㄧず銆傚彟澶栵紝榪樿鐞嗚ВBCD鐮併€佸瓧絎︿笌瀛楃涓茬殑緙栫爜鏂規(guī)硶錛屼互鍙?qiáng)鏁版嵁鐨勬牎楠岀?/span>(濂囧伓鏍￠獙銆?/span>CRC鍐椾綑鏍￠獙絳?/span>)銆?/span>

銆€銆€涓嶇鏄摢縐嶈繘鍒跺拰鏍￠獙鏂規(guī)硶錛岃綆楁満涓暟鎹殑琛ㄧず鏈夊師鐮併€佸弽鐮併€佽ˉ鐮佺瓑鏂規(guī)硶錛屾垜浠鎼炴竻妤氬畠浠箣闂寸殑鍏寵仈涓庡尯鍒€?/span>

銆€銆€鍦ㄨ綆楁満涓鏁版嵁榪涜璁＄畻錛屽垎涓哄畾鐐硅〃紺哄拰嫻偣琛ㄧず銆?/span>

銆€銆€鍦ㄥ畾鐐規(guī)暟鐨勮〃紺哄拰榪愮畻鏂歸潰錛屾垜浠鎺屾彙瀹氱偣鏁扮殑琛ㄧず(鏃犵鍙鋒暟鐨勮〃紺猴紝鏈夌鍙鋒暟鐨勮〃紺?/span>)鍜屽畾鐐規(guī)暟鐨勮繍綆楋紝鍖呮嫭瀹氱偣鏁扮殑浣嶇Щ榪愮畻銆佸師鐮佸畾鐐規(guī)暟鐨勫姞/鍑忚繍綆椼€佽ˉ鐮佸畾鐐規(guī)暟鐨勫姞/鍑忚繍綆椼€佸畾鐐規(guī)暟鐨勪箻/闄よ繍綆椼€佹孩鍑烘蹇靛拰鍒ゅ埆鏂規(guī)硶銆傚湪嫻偣鏁扮殑琛ㄧず鍜岃繍綆楁柟闈紝鎴戜滑瑕佹帉鎻℃誕鐐規(guī)暟鐨?/span>IEEE754鏍囧噯鍜屾誕鐐規(guī)暟鐨勫姞/鍑忚繍綆楋紝鐗瑰埆鐨勶紝嫻偣鏁扮殑鑼冨洿鍦?/span>2012騫村ぇ綰蹭腑宸茬粡鍒犻櫎銆?/span>

銆€銆€鏈煡璇嗙偣鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓€冪偣灝辨槸綆楁湳閫昏緫鍗曞厓ALU錛屾垜浠鎺屾彙涓茶鍔犳硶鍣ㄥ拰騫惰鍔犳硶鍣ㄣ€佺畻鏈€昏緫鍗曞厓ALU鐨勫姛鑳藉拰緇撴瀯銆?/span>

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銆€銆€3銆佸瓨鍌ㄥ櫒灞傛緇撴瀯

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銆€銆€浠庢暣涓綆楁満鐨勫瓨鍌ㄤ綋緋繪潵鐪嬶紝鍙互鐪嬫垚鏄竴涓€?/span>Cache鈥斿唴瀛樷€斿瀛樷€濅笁綰х粨鏋勶紝鍦ㄨ繖涓眰嬈″寲緇撴瀯涓紝鎴戜滑瑕佹帉鎻″瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鐨勫垎綾諱互鍙?qiáng)鍚劸c誨瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鐨勫熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞嗭紝鍖呮嫭鍗婂浣撻殢鏈哄瓨鍙栧瓨鍌ㄥ櫒(SRAM銆?/span>DRAM)銆佸彧璇誨瓨鍌ㄥ櫒(ROM)錛屾帉鎻′富瀛樺偍鍣?/span>(鍐呭瓨)涓?/span>CPU鐨勮繛鎺ュ拰鏁版嵁浜ゆ崲銆佸弻鍙?/span>RAM鍜屽妯″潡瀛樺偍鍣紝榪樻湁灝辨槸Flash瀛樺偍鍣紝榪欐槸2012騫存柊澧炵殑鑰冪偣銆?/span>

銆€銆€鍦ㄥ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒榪欎釜鐭ヨ瘑鐐逛腑錛?/span>2涓緢閲嶈鐨勮€冪偣鏄珮閫熺紦鍐插瓨鍌ㄥ櫒(Cache)鍜岃櫄鎷熷瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆?/span>

銆€銆€鍦?/span>CPU鍜屽唴瀛樹箣闂村鍔犱竴灞?/span>Cache錛屽叾鐩殑鏄負(fù)浜嗚В鍐?/span>CPU鍜屽唴瀛樼殑閫熷害鍖歸厤闂銆傚湪榪欎竴鐐癸紝鎴戜滑瑕佹帉鎻?/span>Cache鐨勫熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞?/span>(鍛戒腑鐜?/span>)銆?/span>Cache鍜屼富瀛樹箣闂寸殑鏄犲皠鏂瑰紡銆?/span>Cache涓富瀛樺潡鐨勬浛鎹㈢畻娉曪紝浠ュ強(qiáng)Cache鍐欑瓥鐣ャ€?/span>

銆€銆€铏氭嫙瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ殑閲嶇偣鍦ㄤ簬鈥滆櫄鎷熲€濅簩瀛楋紝鎴戜滑瑕佹帉鎻¤櫄鎷熷瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛強(qiáng)縐嶇被錛屽寘鎷〉寮忚櫄鎷熷瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佹寮忚櫄鎷熷瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佹欏靛紡铏氭嫙瀛樺偍鍣ㄣ€?/span>TLB(蹇〃)絳夛紝鐞嗚В榪欎簺铏氭嫙瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆佺鐗囩殑澶勭悊錛屽悇縐嶆柟娉曠殑浼樼偣鍜岀己鐐廣€?/span>

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銆€銆€4銆佹寚浠ょ郴緇?/span>

銆€銆€鍦ㄦ寚浠ょ郴緇熺煡璇嗙偣涓紝鎴戜滑瑕佹帉鎻℃寚浠ょ殑鏍煎紡(鍖呮嫭鎸囦護(hù)鐨勫熀鏈牸寮忋€佸畾闀挎搷浣滅爜鎸囦護(hù)鏍煎紡銆佹墿灞曟搷浣滅爜鎸囦護(hù)鏍煎紡)鍜屽悇縐嶅鍧€鏂瑰紡錛岃繕瑕佽兘澶熷尯鍒嗘暟鎹鍧€鍜屾寚浠ゅ鍧€鐨勫尯鍒€?/span>

銆€銆€鏈煡璇嗙偣鐨勫彟澶栦竴涓噸瑕佽€冪偣灝辨槸CISC(澶嶆潅鎸囦護(hù)緋葷粺璁＄畻鏈?/span>)鍜?/span>RISC(綺劇畝鎸囦護(hù)緋葷粺璁＄畻鏈?/span>)錛屾垜浠鎺屾彙瀹冧滑鐨勫熀鏈蹇點(diǎn)€佺壒寰侊紝浠ュ強(qiáng)瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐨勪富瑕佸尯鍒€?/span>

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銆€銆€5銆佷腑澶鐞嗗櫒

銆€銆€涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣紝涔熷氨鏄垜浠父璇寸殑CPU銆傚湪榪欎釜鐭ヨ瘑鐐癸紝鎴戜滑瑕佹帉鎻?/span>CPU鐨勫姛鑳藉拰鍩烘湰緇撴瀯錛屼互鍙?qiáng)宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊锛屽叿浣撳寘鎷寚渥o(hù)鎵ц榪囩▼銆佹暟鎹€氳礬鐨勫姛鑳藉拰鍩烘湰緇撴瀯銆佹帶鍒跺櫒鐨勫姛鑳藉拰宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊(紜竷綰挎帶鍒跺櫒銆佸井紼嬪簭鎺у埗鍣?/span>)銆傜壒鍒槸鍦ㄥ井紼嬪簭鎺у埗鍣ㄨ€冪偣涓紝瑕佹帉鎻″井紼嬪簭銆佸井鎸囦護(hù)鍜屽井鍛戒護(hù)錛屽井鎸囦護(hù)鐨勭紪鐮佹柟寮忥紝浠ュ強(qiáng)寰湴鍧€鐨勫艦寮忔柟寮忋€?/span>

銆€銆€鍦ㄨ繖涓煡璇嗙偣涓紝涓€涓渶閲嶈鐨勮€冪偣鏄祦姘寸嚎(涓昏鏄寚浠ゆ祦姘寸嚎)銆傛垜浠鎼炴竻妤氭祦姘寸嚎鐨勫熀鏈蹇?/span>(鍖呮嫭瓚呮爣閲忓拰鍔ㄦ€佹祦姘寸嚎)錛屼負(fù)浠€涔堥渶瑕佹祦姘寸嚎錛屾祦姘寸嚎鏈夊摢浜涗紭鍔匡紝鍝簺鍥犵礌浼?xì)濯勫搷娴佹按绾拷{夛紝姝ゅ錛屼粖騫村挨鍏墮渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑錛?/span>2012騫村ぇ綰插鍔犱簡鎸囦護(hù)嫻佹按綰跨殑鍩烘湰瀹炵幇錛屼篃鍗蟲垜浠繕闇€瑕佺煡閬撴€庝箞鍘誨疄鐜頒竴涓寚浠ゆ祦姘寸嚎銆傚湪榪欎竴鐐癸紝鏈夊彲鑳藉嚭鐜拌綆楅錛屼緥濡傦紝姹傛祦姘寸嚎鐨勫懆鏈熴€佹眰鎸囦護(hù)鐨勬墽琛屾椂闂淬€?/span>

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銆€銆€6銆佹€葷嚎

銆€銆€鎬葷嚎灝辨槸涓€緇勮繘琛屼簰榪炲拰浼犺緭淇℃伅(鎸囦護(hù)銆佹暟鎹拰鍦板潃)鐨勪俊鍙風(fēng)嚎錛屾垜浠鎺屾彙鎬葷嚎鐨勫熀鏈蹇碉紝鎬葷嚎鐨勫垎綾伙紝浠ュ強(qiáng)鎬葷嚎鐨勭粍鎴愬拰鎬ц兘鎸囨爣(渚嬪錛屽悇綾繪€葷嚎鐨勫搴︿細(xì)褰卞搷鍝簺閮ㄤ歡鐨勬€ц兘絳?/span>)銆?/span>

銆€銆€鍏舵錛屽氨鏄鎺屾彙鎬葷嚎浠茶鏂規(guī)硶(鍖呮嫭闆嗕腑浠茶鏂瑰紡鍜屽垎甯冧徊瑁佹柟寮?/span>)鍜屾€葷嚎鎿嶄綔鍜屽畾鏃?/span>(鍖呮嫭鍚屾瀹氭椂鏂瑰紡鍜屽紓姝ュ畾鏃舵柟寮?/span>)銆?/span>

銆€銆€鏈€鍚庯紝灝辨槸瑕佸鎬葷嚎鐨勬爣鍑?/span>(姝ｅ紡鏍囧噯鍜屽伐涓氭爣鍑?/span>)鏈夋墍浜嗚В錛屾€葷嚎鏍囧噯涓昏瑙勫畾鎬葷嚎鐨勬満姊扮粨鏋勮鑼冦€佸姛鑳界粨鏋勮鑼冨拰鐢墊皵瑙勮寖銆?/span>

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銆€銆€7銆佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹郴緇?/span>

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