對話名師：分析英語作文常見問題_跨考網(wǎng)

? 雖然考研作文形式多變、內(nèi)容各異，但考研經(jīng)驗一致，值得借鑒。對往年真題進行分析研究，可以熟悉實戰(zhàn)中的謀篇布局與主題展開，利于提高應試能力。下面跨考考研以兩次考題為例, 談一談內(nèi)容安排的問題。

? ?寫作考試審題不仔細、不全面，容易使人陷入“寫完前段，后一段無話可說”的尷尬處境。

? ?先看1994年試題：
? ?Directions:
? ?A. Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS ?
? ?B. Time limit: 40 minutes
? ?C. Word limit: 120 — 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
? ?D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given Opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”
? ?OUTLINE:
? ?1. The need for friends
? ?2. True friendship
? ?3. My principle in making friends ?(15 points)
?
? ?本篇作文是就大家熟悉的話題“交友”進行評論，首段論述朋友的必要，第二段說明什么是真正的友誼，末段解釋自己交友的原則。似乎順風順水，容易寫成。但動起筆來卻發(fā)現(xiàn)并不那么順利。第一段寫朋友的必要性時，我們?nèi)菀紫氲健跋嗷プ靼椋瑑A訴交談”，“歡樂共享，憂傷分擔”；可是寫到第二段真誠友誼時，我們又會想到“患難見真情”、“有福應同享”，這豈不是重復第一段了嗎？更麻煩的是毫不容易把第二段構成真誠友誼的因素列全，到了第三段發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已無路可走：本人交友的原則已經(jīng)包含在前文真誠友誼因素之中！第三段成多余的了。

? ?要避免這種尷尬，事先一定不能因題目表面簡單而掉以輕心，要仔細審題，認真布局。首段盡量避開對真誠友誼的解釋，多寫生活中朋友的必要。下一段寫真誠友誼時，要為末段闡述自己的交友原則留有余地，不可窮盡。

? ?參考作文：

? ?In life we can hardly do without a friend. There are many difficulties and problems we can’t overcome with our own efforts. Moreover, we need friend to share our joy and sorrow; otherwise we will suffer from loneliness. Thus, friends are an indispensable part of our life.

? However, not all friends can help us when we are in great need. So what is true friendship? As a popular saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” True friends are those who never desert you when you are in need. On the contrary, they will offer you sincere help even at the cost of their own interests. Moreover, they will encourage you to stick to what is right and to avoid what is wrong or illegal. In conclusion, true friendship consists in sincerity and self-sacrifice.

? ?My principle in making friends is that they should not only be sincere and helpful, but also be tolerant and open-minded. When people spend more time together, scratches and misunderstanding may arise; furthermore, they will find each other’s shortcomings. At this moment, tolerance is the most helpful quality that will enable friendship to survive the difficult times and become even more permanent.

? ?再看1996年試題：
? ?Directions:
? ?A. Title: GOOD HEALTH ?
? ?B. Time limit: 40 minutes
? ?C. Word limit: 120 — 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
? ?D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “The desire for good health is universal.”

? ?OUTLINE:
? ?1. Importance of good health。
? ?2. Ways to keep fit
? ?3. My own practices ?(15 points)
?
? ?這是個老生常談的話題，一講到健康人們往往就想到鍛煉。這樣去寫未免過于俗套，而且，細想一想，鍛煉也不是唯一健康之道。合理的飲食、正常的生活規(guī)律，適當?shù)姆潘伞蕵窇歉镜慕】抵?，然后再因人而異進行適度鍛煉，增強體質(zhì)。這樣文章思想內(nèi)容會更加合理、豐富。

? ?第一段Importance of good health要談到健康是正常工作、學習和享受生活的前提。

? ?接下來的兩段會出現(xiàn)94年考題一樣的問題，即內(nèi)容重復。為了避免與第二段Ways to keep fit內(nèi)容撞車，第三段My own practices可以寫的具體一些，比如說自己飲食有一日三餐的好習慣，沒有現(xiàn)代許多人養(yǎng)成的吃brunch (早中餐合在一起)的毛病，不吸煙，愛打球等等。

? ?參考作文：

? ?As a popular saying goes, “Health is better than wealth,” health is very important in our life. With good health we can do our work with full confidence and high efficiency and progress in work, in turn, will contribute to our health and happiness. Besides, if we want to enjoy life by going out for a trip, taking part in sports games, or even having a nice meal, good health is a necessity.

? ?In my opinion, there are three ways to keep healthy. Firstly, regular meals are essential for good health. Nowadays many people are used to having “brunch” instead of breakfast and lunch, which disorders their normal meals. Secondly, proper relaxation and entertainment are necessary for us to get rid of the pressure from work. We must be careful not to push ourselves too much. Finally, regular exercises may add to our vigor and health.

? Personally, I always eat properly and do exercises regularly. Unlike many people with the habit of drinking or smoking, I prefer drinking green tea. My life is quite busy but regular.