精品閱讀：美國(guó)辦公室職員崗位大減_跨考網(wǎng)

　　The number of clerical workers such as book-keepers, tellers, data entry keyers, file clerks and typists has been falling, pointing to structural decline. The number of retail cashiers has dropped, an indication that internet shopping and self-checkout systems may be eroding another occupation.

　　簿記員、出納員、數(shù)據(jù)錄入員、檔案管理員和打字員等辦公室職員崗位的數(shù)量一直下滑，說(shuō)明其出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)性下降。零售收銀員崗位數(shù)量下降，表明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購(gòu)物和自助結(jié)賬系統(tǒng)可能正在侵蝕另一項(xiàng)職業(yè)。

　　Jobs growth came from healthcare, management, computing and food service jobs. The number of personal care aides is up by 390,000 since 2007. Demand for people who figure out how to replace clerical workers – such as operations managers, management analysts and logisticians – grew substantially.

　　就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)來(lái)自醫(yī)療、管理、計(jì)算機(jī)和食品服務(wù)崗位。自2007年以來(lái)個(gè)人護(hù)理助手的數(shù)量增加了39萬(wàn)。對(duì)于掌握如何代替辦公室職員的人才(例如運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)理、管理分析師和物流專員)的需求大幅上升

　　“We see growth in jobs that require complex, personalised interactions – such as home health aides – and continued declines in routine transaction and production jobs that can be scripted and automated,” said Susan Lund, co-author of a McKinsey Global Institute report on the future of work.

　　麥肯錫全球研究院(McKinsey Global Institute)一篇有關(guān)工作未來(lái)的報(bào)告的聯(lián)合作者蘇珊?蘭德(Susan Lund)表示：“我們看到，需要復(fù)雜且個(gè)性化互動(dòng)的工作崗位有所增加，例如家庭健康助理，而可以編程和自動(dòng)化的常規(guī)交易和生產(chǎn)工作繼續(xù)減少?！?/p>

　　But salaries for many of the fast-growing occupations are lower than those they are replacing. The average wage for a clerical job in 2012 was $34,410 compared with $24,550 in personal care. The average computing wage was $80,180 and $108,570 for managers.

　　但很多增長(zhǎng)迅速的職業(yè)的薪資水平低于被取代的工作崗位。去年，辦公室職員的平均年薪為3.4410萬(wàn)美元，而個(gè)人護(hù)理工作為2.4450萬(wàn)美元。計(jì)算機(jī)工作的平均年薪為8.0180萬(wàn)美元，管理者為10.8570萬(wàn)美元。

　　However, Lawrence Mishel, president of the Economic Policy Institute in Washington, noted that even high-skill job growth has slowed in the last decade. “People focus a lot on occupational trends but it’s not clear to me that they are what’s driving wage outcomes. What I think is going on is much bigger?.?.?. employers have the upper hand in every area of work.”

　　然而，位于華盛頓的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究所(Economic Policy Institute)所長(zhǎng)勞倫斯?米舍爾(Lawrence Mishel)指出，過(guò)去10年，甚至連高技能工作的增速也有所放緩?！叭藗兇罅筷P(guān)注于職業(yè)趨勢(shì)，但我并不清楚，這些趨勢(shì)是否在推動(dòng)薪資結(jié)果。我認(rèn)為，另一個(gè)趨勢(shì)要重大得多……雇主在每個(gè)工作領(lǐng)域都占了上風(fēng)?！?/p>

　　The shift shows how hard it will be for policy makers to halt or reverse the rise in income inequality. Clerical workers still account for 16 per cent of US jobs, and technology is likely to keep on eliminating them.

　　這一變化表明，政策制定者要阻止或逆轉(zhuǎn)收入不平等狀況加劇將有多么困難。辦公室職員工作仍占美國(guó)全部工作崗位的16%，科技可能會(huì)繼續(xù)削減這些工作。