考研英語閱讀：定語從句實(shí)例解析_跨考網(wǎng)

　　英語和漢語中的定語有很大的不同。漢語中定語只能前置，而英語中定語既可前置也可后置。兩者的不同，不僅表現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上，也表現(xiàn)在意義上。英語中的定語從句有時(shí)從原因、結(jié)果、目的或條件等方面對中心詞加以限定。因此，在對語法結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系深刻理解的前提下，為了更明確地表明這種邏輯關(guān)系，可以將定語從句翻譯成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。同時(shí)值得注意的是，定語從句與中心詞之間常有分割成分，而該分割成分中與定語從句緊挨著的名詞，常常會被誤認(rèn)為定語從句的中心詞。》》考研英語復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

2014考研暑期：公共課全程復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

　　因此，遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu)，一定要根據(jù)上下文和常識進(jìn)行判斷。翻譯定語從句時(shí)可采用提前譯、順序譯、分譯或轉(zhuǎn)譯等多種方法。

　　1. As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology, for example.

　　第一層：As far as the third factor is concerned，狀語從句the history主of science定shows謂many定instances賓in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly power定語從句ful resistance to further investigation;in some cases狀centuries主elapsed謂before this resistance was eventually broken down，as狀語從句happened in cosmology，for example.

　　第二層：(狀語從句)As far as引the third factor主語is系concerned表語。

　　(定語從句)in which 引the force主of authority定has operated謂in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful re狀sistance to further investigation.

　　(狀語從句)before引this resistance主was系eventually狀broken down，表as happened in cosmology，for example 定語從句。

　　第三層：(定語從句)as引happened謂in cosmology狀for example插入語。

　　要點(diǎn)：本句由兩個分句構(gòu)成，以分號連接。第一個分句的主干為the history of science shows many instances，in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾instances，such ……as ……表結(jié)果，后接不定式;在第二個分句中，before 引出時(shí)間狀語從句：before this resistance was eventually broken down;代詞as在此是關(guān)系代詞，引出定語從句：as happened in cosmology.resistance：抵抗(力);阻力。cosmology：宇宙論，宇宙哲學(xué)。

　　譯文：至于第三個因素，科學(xué)史中有許多事例表明，權(quán)威的力量起到這樣一種作用：它給進(jìn)一步的研究設(shè)置了一道極其牢固的障礙;在許多情況下，要花上幾個世紀(jì)的時(shí)間才能最終打破這道障礙。例如，在宇宙學(xué)中就發(fā)生過這樣的事。

　　2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

　　第一層：Behaviorists主suggest謂that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his賓語從句or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

　　第二層：(賓語從句)that引the child主who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity定語從句for appropriate responses will experience謂greater intellectual定development. 賓。

　　第三層：(定語從句)who引is raised謂in an environment狀where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for ap定語從句propriate responses.

　　第四層：(定語從句)where引there引are系many定stimuli主which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses定語從句。

　　第五層：(定語從句)which引develop謂his or her定capacity賓for appropriate定responses.

　　要點(diǎn)：根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系可以看出，本句中suggest的詞義不是propose，而是bring an idea into the mind，所以翻譯為…的看法是。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾child，根據(jù)上下文的語義關(guān)系，翻譯成條件句;where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 environment，用合譯法譯出;which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾stimuli，用分譯法進(jìn)行翻譯。appropriate：適合的，相稱的。

　　譯文：行為主義者的看法是，如果一個兒童在有許多刺激因素的環(huán)境里長大，而這些刺激因素能夠開發(fā)其相應(yīng)的反映能力，那么這個兒童將會有更好的智力發(fā)展。

　　3. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements.

　　要點(diǎn)：本句為含有兩個定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的謂語動詞suggest可接動名詞作賓語。而賓語中的transform一詞常用在 transform sth.from…… into……結(jié)構(gòu)中，譯為“把…從…轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤薄＞渲袃蓚€in which分別修飾其先行詞industrialism，翻譯時(shí)宜采用前置法。兩個破折號之間的those of love and of reason為potentialities一詞的同位語。

　　譯文：我建議把我們的社會制度從以最大限度的生產(chǎn)和最大限度的消費(fèi)為目的的官僚主義管理下的產(chǎn)業(yè)體制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€充分發(fā)揮人的潛能——即愛和理智的潛能——為其全部社會工作之目的的人道主義產(chǎn)業(yè)體制。