考研英語(yǔ)新題型：給一個(gè)“在一起”的理由（人稱(chēng)代詞篇）

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　　在上一篇文章《新題型——給一個(gè)“在一起”的理由(指示代詞篇)》中，我們重點(diǎn)闡述了指示代詞在新題型解題中的重要作用。今天我們接著這一話題，繼續(xù)談?wù)劥~，特別是人稱(chēng)代詞在新題型中無(wú)人能及的分量。

　　說(shuō)到人稱(chēng)代詞，大家會(huì)想到第一人稱(chēng)代詞如“我、我們”等;第二人稱(chēng)代詞“你、你們”等;以及第三人稱(chēng)代詞“他、他們”等。需要特別提醒的是：在新題型中，大家需要格外關(guān)注的是第三人稱(chēng)代詞。為什么呢?這是由我們考研文章的性質(zhì)所決定的。眾所周知考研文章大多是專(zhuān)業(yè)性、學(xué)術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的文章，而第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)“客觀公正”的特點(diǎn)使之成為了作者所青睞的對(duì)象。既然如此，我們先來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)一下主要的第三人稱(chēng)代詞。(詳見(jiàn)下表)

　　從上表不難看出，女她的賓格和所有格形式一樣，物它的主格和賓格一致;此外，it用法太過(guò)寬泛，可以作為代詞指代，亦可作為形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)還可以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，甚是不好hold住，因此我們一般不太好把it作為指代做題的切入口。故而如此算來(lái)，對(duì)于解新題型尤為重要的第三人稱(chēng)代詞就還剩9位啦。

　　下面我們理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，以2012年第41題為例，具體操練一下。

　　Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an airplane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.

　　The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labor to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41) .

　　The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.

　　But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also act with caution. (42) . I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realize that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.

　　All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)

　　For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) .

　　Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.

　　(45) .

　　What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.

　　[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.

　　[B] Applications like tumbler.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.

　　[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

　　[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading —between passive consumption and active creation — whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.

　　[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.

　　[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium — television —and television is defined by downloading.

　　[G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

　　通過(guò)掃描選項(xiàng)，很容易發(fā)C選項(xiàng)里面既有“人稱(chēng)代詞”(they)又有“指示代詞+名詞”(such a device)。此時(shí)的你可能早已抑制不住內(nèi)心的興奮了，確實(shí)我們應(yīng)該好好把握住這兩位代詞。我們不妨大膽推斷，如果C選項(xiàng)入選的話，那么空格前面一定有“they”和“such a device”的所指。然后我們還得明確“they”到底指人還是物?我們不妨審視下C選項(xiàng)的主干“Not only did they develop such a device”既然“they”能夠研發(fā)出這樣的裝置，they肯定指人啦。之后的事情就好辦了，我們?nèi)ブ鹨或?yàn)證，看哪個(gè)空前面的內(nèi)容既出現(xiàn)了一群人又出現(xiàn)了一種機(jī)械、設(shè)備或其代名詞就可以了。通過(guò)掃描41題空格前，我們看到一群人“geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries”他們即為C選項(xiàng)“they”的所指。接著往下讀又看到了“a fabulous machine”正好是“such a device”的同義替換。完美啦，41題必須選C啦，是不是一點(diǎn)兒都不難呢?

　　綜上所述，代詞指代做題效果是不是杠杠的呢?所以同學(xué)們一定要對(duì)新題型充滿信心，多多操練，必爭(zhēng)高分!

　　(跨考教育英語(yǔ)教研室 劉興歡)

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