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銆€銆€Unit one

銆€銆€Text 1

銆€銆€There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people 鈥済eneralists.鈥?And these 鈥済eneralists鈥?are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people鈥檚 work, to begin it and judge it.

銆€銆€The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a 鈥渢rained鈥?man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an 鈥渆ducated鈥?man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

銆€銆€Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

銆€銆€26. There is an increasing demand for ________.

銆€銆€[A] all round people in their own fields

銆€銆€[B] people whose job is to organize other people鈥檚 work

銆€銆€[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional(B)

銆€銆€[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

銆€銆€27. The specialist is ________.

銆€銆€[A] a man whose job is to train other people

銆€銆€[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields

銆€銆€[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees(D)

銆€銆€[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

銆€銆€28. The administrator is ________.

銆€銆€[A] a 鈥渢rained鈥?man who is more a specialist than a generalist

銆€銆€[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest

銆€銆€[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities(C)

銆€銆€[D] a man who is an 鈥渆ducated鈥?specialist

銆€銆€29. During your training period, it is important ________.

銆€銆€[A] to try to be a generalist

銆€銆€[B] to choose a profitable job

銆€銆€[C] to find an organization which fits you(D)

銆€銆€[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

銆€銆€30. A man鈥檚 first job ________.

銆€銆€[A] is never the right job for him

銆€銆€[B] should not be regarded as his final job

銆€銆€[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job(B)

銆€銆€[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

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銆€銆€Test 2

銆€銆€At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

銆€銆€The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.

銆€銆€31. The best title for this selection would be ________.

銆€銆€[A] Iceland

銆€銆€[B] Land of Opportunity

銆€銆€[C] The Unknown Continent(C)

銆€銆€[D] Utopia at Last

銆€銆€32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.

銆€銆€[A] very limited

銆€銆€[B] vast

銆€銆€[C] fairly rich(A)

銆€銆€[D] nonexistent

銆€銆€33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.

銆€銆€[A] Pacific Ocean

銆€銆€[B] Indian Ocean

銆€銆€[C] Atlantic Ocean(D)

銆€銆€[D] All three

銆€銆€34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.

銆€銆€[A] cold air

銆€銆€[B] calm seas

銆€銆€[C] ice(A)

銆€銆€[D] lack of knowledge about the continent

銆€銆€35. According to this article ________.

銆€銆€[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent

銆€銆€[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole

銆€銆€[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements impractical(C)

銆€銆€[D] only a handful of natives inhabit Antarctica

銆€銆€26. [B]27. [D]28. [C]29. [D]30. [B]

銆€銆€31. [C]32. [A]33. [D]34. [A]35. [C]

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