考研英語閱讀，判定作者態(tài)度題的三大方法_跨考網(wǎng)
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?? ? ? ?在考研英語閱讀理解題型中，作者態(tài)度題每年都會涉及，題量不會很大，基本每次一題。能否正確把握作者態(tài)度對于文章的整體理解是至關(guān)重要的。
1.標(biāo)志：attitude
2.作者的態(tài)度只分為三種：支持或贊同；中立或客觀；懷疑、批評或反對
3.?判定作者態(tài)度的方法
A）尋找?guī)в凶髡邚娏腋星樯实拿~、動詞、形容詞或者副詞來判定作者態(tài)度。
如2009年大綱樣題（1996年真題）“The?growth?of?the?limited?liability?
company?and?municipal?business?had?important?consequences.?Such?large,?
impersonal?manipulation?of?capital?and?industry?greatly?increased?the?
numbers?and?importance?of?shareholders?as?a?class,?an?element?in?
national?life?representing?irresponsible
?（不負(fù)責(zé)任的，明顯是一個貶義詞，作者就是批判股東的）wealth?detached?from?the?land
?and?the?duties?of?the?landowners;?
and?almost?equally?detached?from?the?responsible?management?of?business.”
“Fortunately,?（幸運的，明顯后面連接的是作者支持的，即行業(yè)公會起了一個好的作用）
however,?the?increasing?power?and?organisation?of?the?trade?unions,?
at?least?in?all?skilled?trades,?enabled?the?workmen?to?meet?on?
equal?terms?the?managers?of?the?companies?who?employed?them.”
61.?According?of?the?passage,?all?of?the?following?are?true?except?
that?________.
[A]?the?shareholders?were?unaware?of?the?needs?of?the?workers
[B]?the?old?firm?owners?had?a?better?understanding?of?their?workers
[C]?the?limited?liability?companies?were?too?large?to?run?smoothly
[D]?the?trade?unions?seemed?to?play?a?positive?role?（行業(yè)公會扮演了一個積極的角色）
62.?The?author?is?most?critical?of?________.
[A]?family?firm?owners
[B]?landowners
[C]?managers
[D]?shareholders?（批判股東）
B）段首句中含有“but,?yet,?however,?in?fact”類表示強轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞時，這句話通常表征作者觀點。
如2004年第四篇：
"Schools?have?always?been?in?a?society?where?practical?is?
more?important?than?intellectual,"?says?education?writer?Diane?
Ravitch.?"Schools?could?be?a?counterbalance."?Razitch’s?latest?
bock,?Left?Back:?A?Century?of?Failed?School?Reforms,?traces?
the?roots?of?anti-intellectualism?in?our?schools,?concluding?
they?are?anything?but?a?counterbalance?to?the?American?distaste?
for?intellectual?pursuits.
But?they?could?and?should?be.?（但學(xué)校可能也應(yīng)該成為一種反學(xué)識的抗衡力，即作者是支持學(xué)識的）Encouraging?kids?to?reject?the?life?of?the?mind?leaves?them?
vulnerable?to?exploitation?and?control.?Without?the?ability?
to?think?critically,?to?defend?their?ideas?and?understand?the?
ideas?of?others,?they?cannot?fully?participate?in?our?democracy.
?Continuing?along?this?path,?says?writer?Earl?Shorris,?"We?will
?become?a?second-rate?country.?We?will?have?a?less?civil?society."
60、What?does?the?author?think?of?intellect?
[A]?It?is?second?to?intelligence.
[B]?It?evolves?from?common?sense.
[C]?It?is?to?be?pursued.?（支持學(xué)識觀點，即學(xué)識值得我們追求）
[D]?It?underlies?power.
C）?根據(jù)作者所舉的例證來判定。正面的例子就是支持，反面的例子就是反對，一正一反就是中立客觀。
如2009年大綱樣題（1997年真題）“Under?the?new?Northern?Territory?law,?
an?adult?patient?can?request?death?—?probably?by?a?deadly?injection?or?
pill?—?to?put?an?end?to?suffering.?The?patient?must?be?diagnosed?as?
terminally?ill?by?two?doctors.?After?a?"cooling?off"?period?of?seven?days,
?the?patient?can?sign?a?certificate?of?request.?After?48?hours?the?wish?
for?death?can?be?met.?For?Lloyd?Nickson,?a?54-year-old?Darwin?resident?
suffering?from?lung?cancer,?the?NT?Rights?of?Terminally?Ill?law?means?
he?can?get?on?with?living?without?the?haunting?fear?of?his?suffering:?
a?terrifying?death?from?his?breathing?condition.?"I'm?not?afraid?of?dying
?from?a?spiritual?point?of?view,?but?what?I?was?afraid?of?was?how?I'd?go,?
because?I've?watched?people?die?in?the?hospital?fighting?for?oxygen?and?
clawing?at?their?masks,"?he?says.”（安樂死的通過提高了他的生活質(zhì)量，明顯是一個正面的例子，就表達(dá)了作者的觀點——支持安樂死）
54.?The?author's?attitude?towards?euthanasia?seems?to?be?that?
of?________.
[A]?opposition
[B]?suspicion
[C]?approval?（支持）
[D]?indifference
4.作者態(tài)度題中經(jīng)常出的表征態(tài)度的形容詞
A）支持或贊成：positive,?approving,?supportive,?optimistic,
?sympathetic,?complimentary,?affectionate,?confident,?appreciative,?
similar,?identical
B）中立或客觀：neutral,?objective,?impartial,?unbiased,?detached
C）懷疑、批評或反對：negative,?disapproving,?critical,?pessimistic,
?doubtful,?questioning,?suspicious,?skeptical,?scornful,?contemptible,
?opposite,?cynical
D）錯誤選項，永遠(yuǎn)不選：subjective,?indifferent,?puzzling,?compromising,?biased
1.標(biāo)志：attitude
2.作者的態(tài)度只分為三種：支持或贊同；中立或客觀；懷疑、批評或反對
3.?判定作者態(tài)度的方法
A）尋找?guī)в凶髡邚娏腋星樯实拿~、動詞、形容詞或者副詞來判定作者態(tài)度。
如2009年大綱樣題（1996年真題）“The?growth?of?the?limited?liability?
company?and?municipal?business?had?important?consequences.?Such?large,?
impersonal?manipulation?of?capital?and?industry?greatly?increased?the?
numbers?and?importance?of?shareholders?as?a?class,?an?element?in?
national?life?representing?irresponsible
?（不負(fù)責(zé)任的，明顯是一個貶義詞，作者就是批判股東的）wealth?detached?from?the?land
?and?the?duties?of?the?landowners;?
and?almost?equally?detached?from?the?responsible?management?of?business.”
“Fortunately,?（幸運的，明顯后面連接的是作者支持的，即行業(yè)公會起了一個好的作用）
however,?the?increasing?power?and?organisation?of?the?trade?unions,?
at?least?in?all?skilled?trades,?enabled?the?workmen?to?meet?on?
equal?terms?the?managers?of?the?companies?who?employed?them.”
61.?According?of?the?passage,?all?of?the?following?are?true?except?
that?________.
[A]?the?shareholders?were?unaware?of?the?needs?of?the?workers
[B]?the?old?firm?owners?had?a?better?understanding?of?their?workers
[C]?the?limited?liability?companies?were?too?large?to?run?smoothly
[D]?the?trade?unions?seemed?to?play?a?positive?role?（行業(yè)公會扮演了一個積極的角色）
62.?The?author?is?most?critical?of?________.
[A]?family?firm?owners
[B]?landowners
[C]?managers
[D]?shareholders?（批判股東）
B）段首句中含有“but,?yet,?however,?in?fact”類表示強轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞時，這句話通常表征作者觀點。
如2004年第四篇：
"Schools?have?always?been?in?a?society?where?practical?is?
more?important?than?intellectual,"?says?education?writer?Diane?
Ravitch.?"Schools?could?be?a?counterbalance."?Razitch’s?latest?
bock,?Left?Back:?A?Century?of?Failed?School?Reforms,?traces?
the?roots?of?anti-intellectualism?in?our?schools,?concluding?
they?are?anything?but?a?counterbalance?to?the?American?distaste?
for?intellectual?pursuits.
But?they?could?and?should?be.?（但學(xué)校可能也應(yīng)該成為一種反學(xué)識的抗衡力，即作者是支持學(xué)識的）Encouraging?kids?to?reject?the?life?of?the?mind?leaves?them?
vulnerable?to?exploitation?and?control.?Without?the?ability?
to?think?critically,?to?defend?their?ideas?and?understand?the?
ideas?of?others,?they?cannot?fully?participate?in?our?democracy.
?Continuing?along?this?path,?says?writer?Earl?Shorris,?"We?will
?become?a?second-rate?country.?We?will?have?a?less?civil?society."
60、What?does?the?author?think?of?intellect?
[A]?It?is?second?to?intelligence.
[B]?It?evolves?from?common?sense.
[C]?It?is?to?be?pursued.?（支持學(xué)識觀點，即學(xué)識值得我們追求）
[D]?It?underlies?power.
C）?根據(jù)作者所舉的例證來判定。正面的例子就是支持，反面的例子就是反對，一正一反就是中立客觀。
如2009年大綱樣題（1997年真題）“Under?the?new?Northern?Territory?law,?
an?adult?patient?can?request?death?—?probably?by?a?deadly?injection?or?
pill?—?to?put?an?end?to?suffering.?The?patient?must?be?diagnosed?as?
terminally?ill?by?two?doctors.?After?a?"cooling?off"?period?of?seven?days,
?the?patient?can?sign?a?certificate?of?request.?After?48?hours?the?wish?
for?death?can?be?met.?For?Lloyd?Nickson,?a?54-year-old?Darwin?resident?
suffering?from?lung?cancer,?the?NT?Rights?of?Terminally?Ill?law?means?
he?can?get?on?with?living?without?the?haunting?fear?of?his?suffering:?
a?terrifying?death?from?his?breathing?condition.?"I'm?not?afraid?of?dying
?from?a?spiritual?point?of?view,?but?what?I?was?afraid?of?was?how?I'd?go,?
because?I've?watched?people?die?in?the?hospital?fighting?for?oxygen?and?
clawing?at?their?masks,"?he?says.”（安樂死的通過提高了他的生活質(zhì)量，明顯是一個正面的例子，就表達(dá)了作者的觀點——支持安樂死）
54.?The?author's?attitude?towards?euthanasia?seems?to?be?that?
of?________.
[A]?opposition
[B]?suspicion
[C]?approval?（支持）
[D]?indifference
4.作者態(tài)度題中經(jīng)常出的表征態(tài)度的形容詞
A）支持或贊成：positive,?approving,?supportive,?optimistic,
?sympathetic,?complimentary,?affectionate,?confident,?appreciative,?
similar,?identical
B）中立或客觀：neutral,?objective,?impartial,?unbiased,?detached
C）懷疑、批評或反對：negative,?disapproving,?critical,?pessimistic,
?doubtful,?questioning,?suspicious,?skeptical,?scornful,?contemptible,
?opposite,?cynical
D）錯誤選項，永遠(yuǎn)不選：subjective,?indifferent,?puzzling,?compromising,?biased
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