考研英語中That引導(dǎo)的定語從句小結(jié)_跨考網(wǎng)

　　1.關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，that指人或指物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語。多數(shù)情況下，可與which互換。

　　【真題例句】In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins。(2001完形)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干為Lord Irvine will introduce a draft bill…；其中bill由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity…修飾，在從句中，that指代先行詞bill作主語。觀察連詞and，可確定此從句中并列兩個謂語will propose和will control。其中control的賓語the amount of publicity后又跟一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that can be given to a case before a trial begins，使用了被動語態(tài)，that指代先行詞publicity作主語。句首的介詞短語In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press作全句的狀語。

　　【參考譯文】為了有效地加強(qiáng)對新聞界的法律監(jiān)控，大法官歐文勛爵將引入一項(xiàng)草案。這項(xiàng)草案將提出付款給證人是非法的，并且要嚴(yán)格控制審判前對案件的曝光。

　　2.注意：只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況：

　　(1)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which；

　　(2)不定代詞如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which；

　　(3) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that；

　　(4) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that；

　　(5) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。

　　【真題例句】To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing."(2003閱讀2)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的直接引語中，主干為一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu)all is that…，其中主語all由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause修飾，關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞all在從句中作主語。表語由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that good people do nothing充當(dāng)。

　　【參考譯文】用18世紀(jì)政治家埃德蒙·柏克的話說："一個被誤導(dǎo)的事業(yè)如果能成功，它唯一需要的就是好人無所作為"。

　　【真題例句】The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. (2001閱讀1)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干是一個完成時的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)The overall result has been… for amateurs，表語由不定式短語to make…h(huán)arder(使……更難)充當(dāng)。名詞短語a result that…是主干中主語result的同位語，作用是對其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。在此名詞短語中，關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句that has been reinforced by…修飾先行詞result，that在從句中代替result作主語，從句的謂語使用了被動語態(tài)。

　　【參考譯文】總體結(jié)果是，業(yè)余人員在專業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)刊物上發(fā)表論文更難了，這種結(jié)果又由于審稿的廣泛引入而變得更糟--19世紀(jì)由國家級雜志評審， 20世紀(jì)由一些地方地質(zhì)學(xué)雜志評審。