2014考研英語復(fù)習(xí)：模擬試題之閱讀理解專項練習(xí)(二)_跨考網(wǎng)

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　　2014考研英語復(fù)習(xí)：模擬試題之閱讀理解專項練習(xí)(二)

　　SectionⅡReading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Anthropologists commonly distinguish three forms of marriage: monogamy, the marriage of one man to one woman, polygyny, the marriage of one man to two or more women, and polyandry, the marriage of one woman to two or more men. Polygyny and polyandry are often linked under the single term"polygamy", a marriage of one individual to two or more spouses.

　　Though there are many societies which permit, or even encourage, polygamous marriages, it does not follow, in such societies, that every married individual, or even that a majority of them, has more than one spouse. Quite the contrary is true, for in most, if not all, of so-called polygamous societies monogamy is statistically the prevailing form. The reason for this is clear: the proportion of male to female births in any human society is roughly the same, and if this proportion is maintained among the sexually mature, a preponderance of plural marriages means that a considerable number of either men or women must remain unmarried. No society can maintain itself under such conditions; the emotional stresses would be too great to be survived. Accordingly, even where the cultural ideals do not prohibit plural marriages, these may occur on any notable scale only societies where for one reason or another, one sex markedly outnumbers the other. In short, monogamy not only prevails in most of the world's societies, either as the only approved form of marriage or as the only feasible form, but it may also prevail within a polygamous society where, very often, only a minority of the population can actually secure more than one spouse.

　　In a polygynous household, the husband must supply a house and garden for each of his wives. The wives live with him in turn, cooking and serving for him during the period of his visit. The first wife takes precedence over the others. Polyandry is much rarer than polygyny. It is often the result of a disproportion in the ratio of men to women.

　　In sum, polygamy is not, as so frequently indicated, universally a result of human immorality. It is simply not true, in this aspect of culture as in many others, that people who follow patterns of culture deemed immoral in our society are thereby lacking in morality. Our ideal and compulsory pattern of marriage, which holds that monogamy is the only appropriate form of marriage, is not shared by all peoples, even by some of those who regularly practice monogamy. In a great many societies, monogamy is only one possible form of marriage, with polygyny or polyandry as perfectly possible, though less frequent, alternatives.

　　21. A marriage between several men and women should be called .

　　Apolygyny　　Bpolyandry　　Cmonogamy　　Dnot mentioned

　　22. According to the second paragraph, in societies that encourage polygamous marriages, .

　　Apolygamy is the predominant form of marriages

　　Bmost of the individuals usually have multiple spouses

　　Cthere are usually a greater of proportion of men than women

　　Dpeople are not necessarily married to multiple partners

　　23. The author believes that plural marriages occur on substantial scales only in societies in which .

　　Apolygyny is not prohibited

　　Bone sex greatly outnumbers the other

　　Cmost people are undereducated

　　Da minority of people are very rich and powerful

　　24. According to the third paragraph, polyandry .

　　Ameans the husband must provide for the livelihood of his wives

　　Bis a marriage tradition in which the first husband takes precedence over the others

　　Cis much rarer than other marriage forms

　　Dis often the result of women outnumbering men

　　25. We can infer from the last paragraph that .

　　Amany people believe that plural marriages denote immorality of other societies

　　Bthose societies that do not uphold monogamy as the dominant marriage form are immoral

　　Cpolygyny or polyandry are possible alternative marriage forms in most societies

　　Dthe author lives in a society where plural marriages are socially accepted